Research corpus
The citeable record of the papers in this library.
Historic PDFs stay the source artefact. EIP and ERC files are mirrored because those repositories are CC0. A BIP is mirrored only when that file states a licence. Every other paper stays a link plus a desk reading. Desk wording is not a training grant.
Ten records, built first
Bitcoin, the Ethereum white paper, Ouroboros, Lightning, Interledger, Dai, Terra, Chainlink, the Filecoin 2017 paper, and Corda. Where a study already exists, that study stays the canonical reading.
- 2008Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash SystemSatoshi Nakamoto. Rights uncertain. Bibliographic record.
- 2014Ethereum: A Next-Generation Smart Contract and Decentralized Application PlatformVitalik Buterin. Rights uncertain. Bibliographic record.
- 2017Ouroboros: A Provably Secure Proof-of-Stake Blockchain ProtocolAggelos Kiayias, Alexander Russell, Bernardo David, Roman Oliynykov. Official external source only. Editorial study exists.
- 2016The Bitcoin Lightning Network: Scalable Off-Chain Instant PaymentsJoseph Poon and Thaddeus Dryja. Official external source only. Editorial study exists.
- 2015A Protocol for Interledger PaymentsStefan Thomas and Evan Schwartz. Rights uncertain. Bibliographic record.
- 2017The Dai Stablecoin SystemMakerDAO. Official external source only. Editorial study exists.
- 2019Terra Money: Stability and AdoptionDo Kwon. Official external source only. Editorial study exists.
- 2017Chainlink: A Decentralized Oracle NetworkSteve Ellis, Ari Juels, Sergey Nazarov. Official external source only. Editorial study exists.
- 2017Filecoin: A Decentralized Storage NetworkProtocol Labs. Official external source only. Editorial study exists.
- 2016Corda: An IntroductionRichard Gendal Brown, James Carlyle, Ian Grigg, Mike Hearn. Rights uncertain. Bibliographic record.
Historic library files
13 files that were already on the old PDF index and do not have a study. The legacy paths stay. Hashes are omitted unless the bytes were actually hashed.
- 2016Ethereum: A Secure Decentralised Generalised Transaction Ledger (EIP-150 revision)Gavin Wood. Rights uncertain. Bibliographic record.
- 2014The Ripple Protocol Consensus AlgorithmDavid Schwartz, Noah Youngs, and Arthur Britto. Rights uncertain. Bibliographic record.
- 2015The Stellar Consensus Protocol: A Federated Model for Internet-level ConsensusDavid Mazières. Rights uncertain. Bibliographic record.
- 2014Enabling Blockchain Innovations with Pegged SidechainsBack et al.. Rights uncertain. Bibliographic record.
- Date openTether: Fiat currencies on the Bitcoin blockchainNot named in this record. Rights uncertain. Bibliographic record.
- Date openDash: A Privacy-Centric CryptocurrencyDuffield and Diaz. Rights uncertain. Bibliographic record.
- 2012PPCoin: Peer-to-Peer Crypto-Currency with Proof-of-StakeKing and Nadal. Rights uncertain. Bibliographic record.
- Date openThe TangleSerguei Popov. Rights uncertain. Bibliographic record.
- 2014Filecoin: A Cryptocurrency Operated File Storage NetworkNot named in this record. Rights uncertain. Bibliographic record.
- Date openGnosisNot named in this record. Rights uncertain. Bibliographic record.
- Date openSia: Simple Decentralized StorageVorick and Champine. Rights uncertain. Bibliographic record.
- Date openStorj: A Peer-to-Peer Cloud Storage NetworkWilkinson et al.. Rights uncertain. Bibliographic record.
- 2016Kadena: The first scalable, high performance private blockchainNot named in this record. Rights uncertain. Bibliographic record.
Editorial studies
1769 design papers already have a long reading at /whitepaper. The corpus page is a bibliographic wrapper. It does not compete with the study, and it does not copy the paper.
- CryptoNote v 2.02013. Privacy.
- Zerocoin: Anonymous Distributed E-Cash from Bitcoin2013. Privacy.
- Zerocash: Decentralized Anonymous Payments from Bitcoin2014. Privacy.
- Ring Confidential Transactions2016. Privacy.
- Mimblewimble2016. Privacy.
- ALGORAND: The Efficient and Democratic Ledger2017. Consensus.
- Snowflake to Avalanche: A Novel Metastable Consensus Protocol Family2018. Consensus.
- Solana: A new architecture for a high performance blockchain2018. Consensus.
- Tendermint: Consensus without Mining2014. Consensus.
- Tezos — a self-amending crypto-ledger2014. Consensus.
- The Swirlds Hashgraph Consensus Algorithm: Fair, Fast, Byzantine Fault Tolerance2016. Consensus.
- Nano: A Feeless Distributed Cryptocurrency Network2017. Consensus.
- The ZILLIQA Technical Whitepaper2017. Consensus.
- Harmony Technical Whitepaper2019. Consensus.
- Elrond: A Highly Scalable Public Blockchain via Adaptive State Sharding2019. Consensus.
- The NEAR White Paper2019. Consensus.
- The Aptos Blockchain: Safe, Scalable, and Upgradeable Web3 Infrastructure2022. Consensus.
- The Sui Smart Contracts Platform2022. Consensus.
- The Diem Blockchain2020. Consensus.
- Coda: Decentralized Cryptocurrency at Scale2020. Consensus.
- The Open Network2021. Consensus.
- Chainweb: A Proof-of-Work Parallel-Chain Architecture for Massive Throughput2018. Consensus.
- EOS.IO Technical White Paper2018. Consensus.
- DFINITY Consensus System2018. Consensus.
- Polkadot: Vision for a heterogeneous multi-chain framework2016. Interoperability.
- Cosmos: A Network of Distributed Ledgers2016. Interoperability.
- Plasma: Scalable Autonomous Smart Contracts2017. Scaling.
- Arbitrum: Scalable, private smart contracts2018. Scaling.
- Scalable, transparent, and post-quantum secure computational integrity2018. Scaling.
- LazyLedger: A Distributed Data Availability Ledger With Client-Side Smart Contracts2019. Scaling.
- EigenLayer: The Restaking Collective2023. Scaling.
- Matic Network white paper2019. Scaling.
- Uniswap v2 Core2020. Markets.
- Uniswap v3 Core2021. Markets.
- StableSwap — efficient mechanism for Stablecoin liquidity2019. Markets.
- Balancer: A non-custodial portfolio manager, liquidity provider, and price sensor2019. Markets.
- 0x: An open protocol for decentralized exchange on the Ethereum blockchain2017. Markets.
- Bancor Protocol: Continuous Liquidity and Asynchronous Price Discovery for Tokens through their Smart Contracts2017. Markets.
- THORChain: a decentralised liquidity protocol2020. Markets.
- Compound: The Money Market Protocol2019. Credit and stable value.
- Aave Protocol white paper2020. Credit and stable value.
- The Graph: a decentralised query protocol for blockchains2020. Data and agents.
- Augur: a Decentralized Oracle and Prediction Market Platform2018. Data and agents.
- Ocean Protocol: A Decentralized Substrate for AI Data and Services2019. Data and agents.
- Bittensor: A Peer-to-Peer Intelligence Market2021. Data and agents.
- SingularityNET: A Decentralized, Open Market and Network for AIs2017. Data and agents.
- Arweave yellow paper2018. Storage and networks.
- Helium: A Decentralized Wireless Network2018. Storage and networks.
- The Golem Project: crowdfunding white paper2016. Storage and networks.
- Livepeer: a decentralised live video streaming network2017. Storage and networks.
- Basic Attention Token: Blockchain Based Digital Advertising2018. Storage and networks.
- Enigma: Decentralized Computation Platform with Guaranteed Privacy2015. Confidential compute.
- Ekiden: A Platform for Confidentiality-Preserving, Trustworthy, and Performant Smart Contracts2019. Confidential compute.
- Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance1999. Consensus.
- Bitcoin-NG: A Scalable Blockchain Protocol2016. Consensus.
- Secure High-Rate Transaction Processing in Bitcoin2015. Consensus.
- PHANTOM and GHOSTDAG2018. Consensus.
- SPECTRE: A Fast and Scalable Cryptocurrency Protocol2016. Consensus.
- Casper the Friendly Finality Gadget2017. Consensus.
- HotStuff: BFT Consensus in the Lens of Blockchain2019. Consensus.
- The Honey Badger of BFT Protocols2016. Consensus.
- Narwhal and Tusk: A DAG-based Mempool and Efficient BFT Consensus2022. Consensus.
- Snow White: Robustly Reconfigurable Consensus2017. Consensus.
- Thunderella: Blockchains with Optimistic Instant Confirmation2017. Consensus.
- Confidential Transactions2015. Privacy.
- Bulletproofs: Short Proofs for Confidential Transactions and More2018. Privacy.
- On the Size of Pairing-based Non-interactive Arguments2016. Privacy.
- PLONK: Permutations over Lagrange-bases for Oecumenical Noninteractive arguments of Knowledge2019. Privacy.
- Halo: Recursive Proof Composition without a Trusted Setup2019. Privacy.
- Zexe: Enabling Decentralized Private Computation2020. Privacy.
- Fraud and Data Availability Proofs2018. Scaling.
- A scalable verification solution for blockchains2017. Scaling.
- Constant-Size Commitments to Polynomials and Their Applications2010. Scaling.
- Proofs of Space2015. Consensus.
- Verifiable Delay Functions2018. Consensus.
- Atomic Cross-Chain Swaps2018. Interoperability.
- Sprites and State Channels2017. Interoperability.
- The Interblockchain Communication Protocol2020. Interoperability.
- Flash Boys 2.0: Frontrunning, Transaction Reordering, and Consensus Instability in Decentralized Exchanges2019. Markets.
- Uniswap v4 Core2023. Markets.
- The Time-Weighted Average Market Maker2021. Markets.
- Liquity: Decentralized Borrowing2021. Credit and stable value.
- Account Abstraction Using Alt Mempool2021. Data and agents.
- Combining GHOST and Casper2020. Consensus.
- Deconstructing the Blockchain to Approach Physical Limits2019. Consensus.
- Streamlet: Textbook Streamlined Blockchains2020. Consensus.
- FruitChains: A Fair Blockchain2016. Consensus.
- All You Need is DAG2021. Consensus.
- Bullshark: DAG BFT Protocols Made Practical2022. Consensus.
- Fee market change for ETH 1.0 chain2019. Markets.
- Transaction Fee Mechanism Design2020. Markets.
- Shard Blob Transactions2022. Scaling.
- BitVM: Compute Anything on Bitcoin2023. Scaling.
- Cairo – a Turing-complete STARK-friendly CPU architecture2021. Scaling.
- Nova: Recursive Zero-Knowledge Arguments from Folding Schemes2021. Privacy.
- Marlin: Preprocessing zkSNARKs with Universal and Updatable SRS2019. Privacy.
- FROST: Flexible Round-Optimized Schnorr Threshold Signatures2020. Privacy.
- MuSig2: Simple Two-Round Schnorr Multi-Signatures2020. Privacy.
- BIP 341: Taproot: SegWit version 1 spending rules2020. Privacy.
- Automatic market-making with dynamic peg2021. Markets.
- Curve stablecoin design2022. Credit and stable value.
- UMA Data Verification Mechanism: Adding Economic Guarantees to Blockchain Oracles2020. Data and agents.
- Perun: Virtual Payment Hubs over Cryptocurrencies2017. Scaling.
- Semaphore: Zero-Knowledge Signaling on Ethereum2020. Privacy.
- Ouroboros Genesis: Composable Proof-of-Stake Blockchains with Dynamic Availability2018. Consensus.
- Stake-Bleeding Attacks on Proof-of-Stake Blockchains2018. Consensus.
- Analysis of the Blockchain Protocol in Asynchronous Networks2017. Consensus.
- OmniLedger: A Secure, Scale-Out, Decentralized Ledger via Sharding2018. Scaling.
- RapidChain: Scaling Blockchain via Full Sharding2018. Scaling.
- Compact Multi-Signatures for Smaller Blockchains2018. Privacy.
- Zether: Towards Privacy in a Smart Contract World2020. Privacy.
- Efficient Zero-Knowledge Arguments for Arithmetic Circuits in the Discrete Log Setting2016. Privacy.
- Aurora: Transparent Succinct Arguments for R1CS2019. Privacy.
- Spartan: Efficient and General-Purpose zkSNARKs without Trusted Setup2020. Privacy.
- HyperPlonk: Plonk with Linear-Time Prover and High-Degree Custom Gates2022. Privacy.
- SuperNova: Proving Universal Machine Executions without Universal Circuits2022. Scaling.
- HyperNova: Recursive Arguments for Customizable Constraint Systems2023. Scaling.
- Ouroboros Crypsinous: Privacy-Preserving Proof-of-Stake2019. Privacy.
- Scalable Multi-party Computation for zk-SNARK Parameters2017. Privacy.
- Vault: Fast Bootstrapping for the Algorand Cryptocurrency2019. Scaling.
- Stubborn Mining: Generalizing Selfish Mining and Combining with an Eclipse Attack2016. Consensus.
- On the Security and Performance of Proof of Work Blockchains2016. Consensus.
- Dumbo: Faster Asynchronous BFT Protocols2020. Consensus.
- Research Perspectives and Challenges for Bitcoin and Cryptocurrencies2015. Consensus.
- SpaceMint: A Cryptocurrency Based on Proofs of Space2015. Consensus.
- On Bitcoin as a Public Randomness Source2015. Data and agents.
- Bitcoin as a Transaction Ledger: A Composable Treatment2017. Consensus.
- OHIE: Blockchain Scaling Made Simple2020. Scaling.
- Chainspace: A Sharded Smart Contracts Platform2017. Scaling.
- Shoal: Improving DAG-BFT Latency and Robustness2024. Consensus.
- Mysticeti: Reaching the Limits of Latency with Uncertified DAGs2023. Consensus.
- Cordial Miners: Fast and Efficient Consensus for Every Eventuality2023. Consensus.
- Hashcash: A Denial of Service Counter-Measure2002. Consensus.
- b-money1998. Credit and stable value.
- Time, Clocks, and the Ordering of Events in a Distributed System1978. Consensus.
- Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System2008. Consensus.
- The Part-Time Parliament1998. Consensus.
- Paxos Made Simple2001. Consensus.
- In Search of an Understandable Consensus Algorithm2014. Consensus.
- The Byzantine Generals Problem1982. Consensus.
- Consensus in the Presence of Partial Synchrony1988. Consensus.
- Impossibility of Distributed Consensus with One Faulty Process1985. Consensus.
- The Bitcoin Backbone Protocol2015. Consensus.
- The Sleepy Model of Consensus2017. Consensus.
- Ouroboros Praos: An Adaptively-Secure, Semi-synchronous Proof-of-Stake Protocol2018. Consensus.
- Majority Is Not Enough: Bitcoin Mining Is Vulnerable2014. Consensus.
- Eclipse Attacks on Bitcoin's Peer-to-Peer Network2015. Consensus.
- Flexible Paxos: Quorum Intersection Revisited2016. Consensus.
- There Is More Consensus in Egalitarian Parliaments2013. Consensus.
- Scaling Nakamoto Consensus to Thousands of Transactions per Second2018. Consensus.
- Jolteon and Ditto: Network-Adaptive Efficient Consensus with Asynchronous Fallback2022. Consensus.
- SBFT: A Scalable and Decentralized Trust Infrastructure for Blockchains2019. Consensus.
- Zyzzyva: Speculative Byzantine Fault Tolerance2007. Consensus.
- Proof of Stake: How I Learned to Love Weak Subjectivity2014. Consensus.
- Consensus: Bridging Theory and Practice2014. Consensus.
- Information Propagation in the Bitcoin Network2013. Consensus.
- Demystifying Incentives in the Consensus Computer2015. Consensus.
- Merged Mining: Curse or Cure?2017. Consensus.
- Cryptocurrencies without Proof of Work2016. Consensus.
- Confidential Assets2018. Privacy.
- Dandelion: Redesigning the Bitcoin Network for Anonymity2017. Privacy.
- Pinocchio: Nearly Practical Verifiable Computation2013. Privacy.
- Sonic: Zero-Knowledge SNARKs from Linear-Size Universal and Updatable Structured Reference Strings2019. Privacy.
- Fast Reed-Solomon Interactive Oracle Proofs of Proximity2018. Privacy.
- The Fault Proof System2023. Scaling.
- Rollups as Sovereign Chains2022. Scaling.
- Validium and the Data-Availability Spectrum2020. Scaling.
- Based Rollups2023. Scaling.
- The Espresso Sequencer2022. Scaling.
- Bitcoin Payment Channels2013. Interoperability.
- eltoo: A Simplified Update Mechanism for Lightning2018. Interoperability.
- Scalable Funding of Bitcoin Micropayment Channel Networks2018. Interoperability.
- Discreet Log Contracts2017. Markets.
- Improved Price Oracles: Constant Function Market Makers2020. Markets.
- The Yield Protocol: On-Chain Lending With Interest Rate Discovery2020. Markets.
- Morpho Blue: Permissionless Lending2023. Credit and stable value.
- Tokenized Vault Standard2022. Credit and stable value.
- ERC-3156: Flash Loans2020. Credit and stable value.
- Uniswap v12018. Markets.
- GMX: A Decentralised Perpetual Exchange2021. Markets.
- Everlasting Options2021. Markets.
- IPFS - Content Addressed, Versioned, P2P File System2014. Storage and networks.
- Kademlia: A Peer-to-peer Information System Based on the XOR Metric2002. Storage and networks.
- Verkle Trees2018. Scaling.
- Decentralized Identifiers (DIDs) v1.02022. Data and agents.
- Verifiable Credentials Data Model v2.02025. Data and agents.
- BBS+ Signatures and Selective Disclosure2016. Privacy.
- Set Code for EOAs2024. Data and agents.
- Hierarchical Deterministic Wallets2012. Privacy.
- Mnemonic Code for Generating Deterministic Keys2013. Privacy.
- Multi-Account Hierarchy for Deterministic Wallets2014. Privacy.
- Segregated Witness2015. Scaling.
- Partially Signed Bitcoin Transactions2017. Markets.
- Version 2 P2P Encrypted Transport Protocol2019. Privacy.
- Token Standard2015. Markets.
- Non-Fungible Token Standard2018. Markets.
- Multi Token Standard2018. Markets.
- Version bits with lock-in by height2017. Privacy.
- Version bits with timeout and delay2015. Privacy.
- M-of-N Standard Transactions2011. Privacy.
- Address Format for pay-to-script-hash2011. Privacy.
- Pay to Script Hash2012. Consensus.
- hashScriptCheck2012. Consensus.
- getblocktemplate - Fundamentals2012. Data and agents.
- getblocktemplate - Pooled Mining2012. Data and agents.
- Duplicate transactions2012. Consensus.
- Pong message2012. Storage and networks.
- Block v2, Height in Coinbase2012. Consensus.
- mempool message2012. Scaling.
- Connection Bloom filtering2012. Scaling.
- Passphrase-protected private key2012. Privacy.
- A finite monetary supply for Bitcoin2014. Consensus.
- Purpose Field for Deterministic Wallets2014. Data and agents.
- Structure for Deterministic P2SH Multisignature Wallets2014. Privacy.
- Reusable Payment Codes for Hierarchical Deterministic Wallets2015. Storage and networks.
- Multi-Script Hierarchy for Multi-Sig Wallets2020. Data and agents.
- Derivation scheme for P2WPKH-nested-in-P2SH based accounts2016. Data and agents.
- Reject P2P message2014. Storage and networks.
- OP_CHECKLOCKTIMEVERIFY2014. Consensus.
- Strict DER signatures2015. Consensus.
- Deterministic Pay-to-script-hash multi-signature addresses through public key sorting2015. Scaling.
- Relative lock-time using consensus-enforced sequence numbers2015. Interoperability.
- Lexicographical Indexing of Transaction Inputs and Outputs2015. Privacy.
- Payment Protocol2013. Storage and networks.
- Payment Protocol MIME types2013. Data and agents.
- bitcoin: uri extensions for Payment Protocol2013. Data and agents.
- Use "Accept" header for response type negotiation with Payment Request URLs2013. Data and agents.
- Out of Band Address Exchange using Payment Protocol Encryption2015. Privacy.
- Derivation scheme for P2WPKH based accounts2017. Data and agents.
- Deterministic Entropy From BIP32 Keychains2020. Privacy.
- Key Derivation for Single Key P2TR Outputs2021. Privacy.
- Hierarchy for Deterministic Multisig Wallets2020. Scaling.
- Hierarchical Deterministic Path Templates2020. Data and agents.
- Chain Code Delegation2025. Privacy.
- Buried Deployments2016. Scaling.
- Reduced threshold Segwit MASF2017. Consensus.
- Testnet 42024. Consensus.
- NODE_BLOOM service bit2015. Storage and networks.
- CHECKSEQUENCEVERIFY2015. Consensus.
- Median time-past as endpoint for lock-time calculations2015. Consensus.
- BIP Classification2015. Storage and networks.
- Opt-in Full Replace-by-Fee Signaling2015. Scaling.
- Simple Proof-of-Reserves Transactions2019. Data and agents.
- sendheaders message2015. Storage and networks.
- feefilter message2016. Storage and networks.
- Signatures of Messages using Private Keys2019. Credit and stable value.
- Transaction Signature Verification for Version 0 Witness Program2016. Consensus.
- Segregated Witness (Peer Services)2016. Scaling.
- getblocktemplate Updates for Segregated Witness2016. Data and agents.
- Dealing with dummy stack element malleability2016. Consensus.
- Mandatory activation of segwit deployment2017. Consensus.
- Compact Block Relay2016. Storage and networks.
- addrv2 message2019. Storage and networks.
- Client Side Block Filtering2017. Scaling.
- Compact Block Filters for Light Clients2017. Storage and networks.
- NODE_NETWORK_LIMITED service bit2017. Storage and networks.
- Base32 address format for native v0-16 witness outputs2017. Data and agents.
- Bits Denomination2017. Data and agents.
- Name for payment recipient identifiers2019. Data and agents.
- URI Scheme2024. Data and agents.
- Generic Signed Message Format2018. Storage and networks.
- Signet2019. Storage and networks.
- Derivation Scheme for MuSig2 Aggregate Keys2024. Privacy.
- WTXID-based transaction relay2020. Storage and networks.
- Validation of Taproot Scripts2020. Consensus.
- OP_CAT in Tapscript2023. Interoperability.
- Bech32m format for v1+ witness addresses2020. Data and agents.
- Silent Payments2023. Scaling.
- DNS Payment Instructions2024. Data and agents.
- PSBT Version 22021. Privacy.
- Taproot Fields for PSBT2021. Privacy.
- MuSig2 PSBT Fields2024. Privacy.
- Output Script Descriptors General Operation2021. Privacy.
- Non-Segwit Output Script Descriptors2021. Storage and networks.
- Segwit Output Script Descriptors2021. Privacy.
- Multisig Output Script Descriptors2021. Privacy.
- combo() Output Script Descriptors2021. Storage and networks.
- raw() and addr() Output Script Descriptors2021. Data and agents.
- tr() Output Script Descriptors2021. Privacy.
- Tapscript Multisig Output Script Descriptors2024. Privacy.
- Wallet Policies for Descriptor Wallets2023. Scaling.
- REVERT instruction2017. Scaling.
- Designated invalid EVM instruction2017. Scaling.
- Bitwise shifting instructions in EVM2017. Scaling.
- Add BLAKE2 compression function `F` precompile2016. Interoperability.
- Precompiled contracts for addition and scalar multiplication on the elliptic curve alt_bn1282017. Scaling.
- Precompiled contracts for optimal ate pairing check on the elliptic curve alt_bn1282017. Scaling.
- New opcodes: RETURNDATASIZE and RETURNDATACOPY2017. Scaling.
- New opcode STATICCALL2017. Scaling.
- Clique proof-of-authority consensus protocol2017. Privacy.
- Add `blockHash` to JSON-RPC filter options.2017. Data and agents.
- Whisper Specification2017. Storage and networks.
- Embedding transaction status code in receipts2017. Scaling.
- Revert creation in case of collision2023. Scaling.
- Create `eth_chainId` method for JSON-RPC2017. Data and agents.
- DEVp2p snappy compression2017. Storage and networks.
- Typed structured data hashing and signing2017. Scaling.
- wallet_watchAsset RPC Method2018. Privacy.
- EXTCODEHASH opcode2018. Scaling.
- Reduce alt_bn128 precompile gas costs2018. Scaling.
- Transient storage opcodes2018. Scaling.
- Ethereum Provider JavaScript API2018. Storage and networks.
- Net gas metering for SSTORE without dirty maps2018. Scaling.
- ChainID opcode2018. Scaling.
- Repricing for trie-size-dependent opcodes2019. Scaling.
- Add `blockHash` to defaultBlock methods2019. Data and agents.
- Transaction data gas cost reduction2019. Scaling.
- Fork identifier for chain compatibility checks2019. Storage and networks.
- Common Prometheus Metrics Names for Clients2019. Data and agents.
- Structured Definitions for Net Gas Metering2019. Scaling.
- Canonicalize the name of network ID 1 and chain ID 12019. Data and agents.
- Wallet Permissions System2019. Privacy.
- eth/64: forkid-extended protocol handshake2019. Scaling.
- eth/65: transaction announcements and retrievals2020. Storage and networks.
- eth/66 request identifier2020. Storage and networks.
- Precompile for BLS12-381 curve operations2020. Scaling.
- ModExp Gas Cost2020. Scaling.
- Limit account nonce to 2^64-12020. Data and agents.
- JavaScript `request` method RPC transport2020. Storage and networks.
- JavaScript Provider Event Emitter2020. Privacy.
- Typed Transaction Envelope2020. Data and agents.
- Gas cost increases for state access opcodes2020. Scaling.
- Optional access lists2020. Scaling.
- Serve historical block hashes from state2020. Scaling.
- Typed Transactions over Gossip2020. Storage and networks.
- Serenity Phase 02020. Consensus.
- BASEFEE opcode2021. Scaling.
- Reduction in refunds2021. Scaling.
- Reject new contract code starting with the 0xEF byte2021. Scaling.
- Reject transactions from senders with deployed code2021. Scaling.
- Warm COINBASE2021. Scaling.
- Upgrade consensus to Proof-of-Stake2021. Consensus.
- PUSH0 instruction2021. Data and agents.
- Limit and meter initcode2021. Scaling.
- Supplant DIFFICULTY opcode with PREVRANDAO2021. Scaling.
- Consensus Layer Withdrawal Protection2022. Privacy.
- Beacon block root in the EVM2022. Interoperability.
- Deposit Contract Snapshot Interface2021. Consensus.
- Beacon chain push withdrawals as operations2022. Scaling.
- eth/67 - Removal of GetNodeData2022. Data and agents.
- MCOPY - Memory copying instruction2021. Scaling.
- The 'window.evmproviders' object2022. Scaling.
- Wallet Call API2022. Data and agents.
- eth/68 - Add tx type to tx announcement2022. Scaling.
- Supply validator deposits on chain2022. Consensus.
- Forkid checks based on timestamps2022. Storage and networks.
- SELFDESTRUCT only in same transaction2023. Scaling.
- Automatically Reset Testnet2023. Consensus.
- Network Upgrade Activation Triggers2023. Consensus.
- Multi Injected Provider Discovery2023. Storage and networks.
- Execution layer triggerable withdrawals2023. Privacy.
- Perpetually Valid Signed Voluntary Exits2023. Privacy.
- Increase max attestation inclusion slot2023. Consensus.
- Increase the MAX_EFFECTIVE_BALANCE2023. Scaling.
- Add Max Epoch Churn Limit2023. Markets.
- BLOBBASEFEE instruction2023. Scaling.
- Move committee index outside Attestation2023. Privacy.
- PeerDAS - Peer Data Availability Sampling2024. Scaling.
- Increase calldata cost2024. Scaling.
- eth/69 - history expiry and simpler receipts2024. Storage and networks.
- General purpose execution layer requests2024. Consensus.
- Blob throughput increase2024. Scaling.
- Set upper bounds for MODEXP2024. Scaling.
- Transaction Gas Limit Cap2024. Scaling.
- Add blob schedule to EL config files2024. Scaling.
- Hardware and Bandwidth Recommendations2025. Consensus.
- ModExp Gas Cost Increase2025. Scaling.
- Blob Parameter Only Hardforks2025. Scaling.
- eth_config JSON-RPC Method2025. Privacy.
- Deterministic proposer lookahead2025. Consensus.
- Blob base fee bounded by execution cost2025. Scaling.
- RLP Execution Block Size Limit2025. Consensus.
- Set default gas limit to 60M2025. Data and agents.
- Count leading zeros (CLZ) opcode2025. Scaling.
- Precompile for secp256r1 Curve Support2025. Scaling.
- Initial ENS Hash Registrar2016. Data and agents.
- Standard Interface Detection2018. Privacy.
- Contract Ownership Standard2018. Data and agents.
- Signed Data Standard2016. Privacy.
- Token with transaction handling model2017. Scaling.
- Ethereum purpose allocation for Deterministic Wallets2017. Markets.
- Ethereum hierarchy for deterministic wallets2017. Privacy.
- URL Format for Transaction Requests2017. Markets.
- Token Standard2017. Markets.
- Pseudo-introspection Registry Contract2018. Data and agents.
- tokenURI Interoperability2018. Privacy.
- Minimal Proxy Contract2018. Scaling.
- Standard Signature Validation Method for Contracts2018. Privacy.
- WalletConnect URI Format2018. Interoperability.
- Payable Token2018. Markets.
- RTA-Controlled Security Token2018. Privacy.
- Pseudo-introspection Registry Contract2019. Data and agents.
- Proxy Storage Slots2019. Scaling.
- Compact Signature Representation2019. Scaling.
- Consumable Interface (Tickets, etc)2019. Privacy.
- ERC-721 Consecutive Transfer Extension2019. Markets.
- Diamonds, Multi-Facet Proxy2020. Data and agents.
- Permit Extension for EIP-20 Signed Approvals2020. Scaling.
- Revised Ethereum Smart Contract Packaging Standard (EthPM v3)2020. Privacy.
- Secure Protocol for Native Meta Transactions2020. Scaling.
- NFT Royalty Standard2020. Markets.
- MetaProxy Standard2021. Storage and networks.
- Abstract Storage Bonds2021. Scaling.
- Semi-Fungible Token2020. Markets.
- T-REX - Token for Regulated EXchanges2021. Storage and networks.
- CCIP Read—Secure offchain data retrieval2020. Data and agents.
- Account Abstraction Using Alt Mempool2021. Privacy.
- Sign-In with Ethereum2021. Privacy.
- EIP-721 Consumable Extension2021. Markets.
- Non-Fungible Tokens Tied to Physical Assets2021. Privacy.
- Web3 URL to EVM Call Message Translation2022. Scaling.
- Hierarchical Domains2022. Scaling.
- EIP-721 Metadata Update Extension2022. Privacy.
- Rental NFT, an Extension of EIP-7212022. Markets.
- Royalty Bearing NFTs2022. Markets.
- Vendor Metadata Extension for NFTs2022. Privacy.
- Rental NFT, NFT User Extension2022. Privacy.
- Time NFT, ERC-721 Time Extension2022. Privacy.
- Shareable Non-Fungible Token2022. Markets.
- Client Script URI for Token Contracts2022. Markets.
- Minimal Soulbound NFTs2022. Privacy.
- Blueprint contract format2022. Scaling.
- Contract Resource Requests2022. Privacy.
- Retrieval of EIP-712 domain2022. Privacy.
- Light Contract Ownership2022. Privacy.
- NFT Author Information and Consent2022. Privacy.
- ERC-721 Entitlement Extension2022. Privacy.
- Consensual Soulbound Tokens2022. Privacy.
- NFT Hyperlink Extension2022. Privacy.
- Refundable Tokens2022. Privacy.
- Soulbound Multi-owner Tokens2022. Privacy.
- Referable NFT2022. Markets.
- Refundable Fungible Token2022. Markets.
- Stealth Addresses2022. Scaling.
- Digital Receipt Non-Fungible Tokens2022. Privacy.
- ERC-721 NFT Authorization2022. Privacy.
- Multiverse NFTs2022. Markets.
- ERC-1155 Supply Extension2023. Storage and networks.
- NFT Metadata JSON Schema dStorage Extension2022. Privacy.
- Token State Fingerprint2022. Privacy.
- Token Minting and Burning2022. Privacy.
- Transferable Vesting NFT2022. Markets.
- Commit Interface2022. Privacy.
- General Extensibility for Method Behaviors2022. Privacy.
- Context-Dependent Multi-Asset Tokens2022. Markets.
- Parent-Governed Nestable Non-Fungible Tokens2022. Credit and stable value.
- Signature Validation Method for NFTs2022. Privacy.
- Custom errors for commonly-used tokens2022. Privacy.
- No Intermediary NFT Trading Protocol2022. Markets.
- Guard of NFT/SBT, an Extension of ERC-7212022. Credit and stable value.
- Hierarchical NFTs2022. Markets.
- Composable NFTs utilizing Equippable Parts2022. Markets.
- Semantic Soulbound Tokens2022. Markets.
- Public Non-Fungible Token Emote Repository2023. Privacy.
- Minimal Transferable NFT detection interface2023. Markets.
- Signature Validation for Predeploy Contracts2023. Privacy.
- Stealth Meta-Address Registry2023. Privacy.
- Multi-redeemable NFTs2023. Privacy.
- Fungible Key Bound Token2023. Privacy.
- Non-Fungible Key Bound Token2023. Privacy.
- Minimal Multi-Token Interface2023. Markets.
- Efficient Default Lockable Tokens2023. Privacy.
- Verifiable AI-Generated Content Token2023. Markets.
- Interoperable Digital Media Indexing2023. Scaling.
- Lockable Extension for ERC-7212023. Markets.
- Financial Bonds2023. Privacy.
- ERC-721 Multi-Metadata Extension2023. Privacy.
- Namespaced Storage Layout2023. Data and agents.
- On-Chain Data Containers2023. Markets.
- Identity-aggregated NFT2023. Privacy.
- Purpose bound money2023. Credit and stable value.
- Parent-Governed Non-Fungible Tokens Nesting2023. Markets.
- Public Non-Fungible Tokens Emote Repository2023. Markets.
- Non-Fungible Token Roles2023. Privacy.
- Prevent ticket touting2023. Markets.
- ETH (Native Asset) Address Convention2023. Credit and stable value.
- Native Asset ERC-4626 Tokenized Vault2023. Credit and stable value.
- Asynchronous ERC-4626 Tokenized Vaults2023. Credit and stable value.
- Multi-Asset ERC-4626 Vaults2023. Credit and stable value.
- Physical Asset Redemption2023. Privacy.
- Blob Transactions Metadata JSON Schema2024. Scaling.
- Secure Messaging Protocol2024. Privacy.
- Dual Nature Token Pair2024. Privacy.
- Limited Transfer Count NFT2024. Privacy.
- Generalized Contract-Linked Services2024. Privacy.
- Decentralized Identity Verification (DID)2024. Privacy.
- Multi-Owner Non-Fungible Tokens (MO-NFT)2024. Markets.
- Wrapping of bubbled up reverts2024. Privacy.
- Cross-Chain Messaging Gateway2024. Interoperability.
- Store, Table-Based Introspectable Storage2024. Privacy.
- Expirable ERC-202024. Storage and networks.
- Access Control Registry2024. Data and agents.
- Diffusive Tokens2024. Markets.
- AI Agents NFT with Private Metadata2025. Scaling.
- Expirable NFTs and SBTs2024. Markets.
- Bequeathable Contracts2025. Privacy.
- DeFi Protocol Solvency Proof Mechanism2025. Privacy.
- HD wallet In Treasury Management2025. Scaling.
- Signature Verifiers2025. Privacy.
- uRWA - Universal Real World Asset Interface2025. Interoperability.
- Encode chain id with transaction hash2025. Data and agents.
- Purpose-Bound ERC-20 with Conditional Unlock2025. Privacy.
- Agent Coordination Framework2025. Privacy.
- Referable NFT Royalties2025. Privacy.
- Diamond Storage2025. Data and agents.
- Groups - Membership Tokens2025. Privacy.
- AI Agent Verification2026. Markets.
- Transferable Tokenized Vault Requests2025. Credit and stable value.
- AI Agent Authenticated Wallet2026. Privacy.
- Address Scheme for Timelocked Fidelity Bonds2022. Scaling.
- Disallow 64-byte transactions2025. Consensus.
- codex32: Checksummed SSSS-aware BIP32 seeds2023. Data and agents.
- Fast Merkle Trees2017. Consensus.
- MERKLEBRANCHVERIFY2017. Consensus.
- Tail Call Execution Semantics2017. Consensus.
- SIGHASH_ANYPREVOUT for Taproot Scripts2017. Consensus.
- CHECKTEMPLATEVERIFY2020. Consensus.
- URI scheme for Blockchain references / exploration2015. Data and agents.
- Best Practices for Heterogeneous Input Script Transactions2016. Data and agents.
- Timelock-Recovery Storage Format2026. Data and agents.
- Bech32 Encoded Tx Position References2017. Data and agents.
- Define Bitcoin Subunits as Satoshis2025. Data and agents.
- Version Extended WIF2018. Storage and networks.
- Hashed Time-Locked Collateral Contract2019. Interoperability.
- Hashrate Escrows (Consensus layer)2017. Interoperability.
- Blind Merged Mining (Consensus layer)2019. Consensus.
- Stratum protocol extensions2018. Privacy.
- nVersion bits for general purpose use2018. Privacy.
- 24 nVersion bits for general purpose use2026. Data and agents.
- Anti-fee-sniping in taproot transactions2021. Interoperability.
- Wallet Labels Export Format2022. Privacy.
- Transaction announcements reconciliation2019. Storage and networks.
- Ancestor Package Relay2022. Storage and networks.
- Pay-to-Merkle-Root (P2MR)2024. Consensus.
- Post Quantum Migration and Legacy Signature Sunset2026. Consensus.
- Pay-to-contract tweak fields for PSBT2022. Privacy.
- Discrete Log Equality Proofs2024. Scaling.
- Sending Silent Payments with PSBTs2025. Privacy.
- Spending Silent Payment outputs with PSBTs2026. Data and agents.
- Multipath Descriptor Key Expressions2022. Privacy.
- musig() Descriptor Key Expression2024. Privacy.
- Silent Payment Output Script Descriptors2026. Privacy.
- Output Script Descriptor Annotations2026. Privacy.
- Topology Restrictions for Pinning2024. Scaling.
- Pay to Anchor (P2A)2025. Scaling.
- OP_CHECKCONTRACTVERIFY2025. Consensus.
- Formosa—Seed encoding by themed mnemonic stories2026. Scaling.
- Resource-based intrinsic transaction gas2020. Data and agents.
- Slashing Protection Interchange Format2020. Privacy.
- EVM trace specification2020. Scaling.
- SSZ ProgressiveContainer2023. Privacy.
- Empty accounts deprecation2023. Scaling.
- Revert creation in case of non-empty storage2024. Scaling.
- Forward compatible consensus data structures2024. Consensus.
- ETH transfers emit a log2024. Scaling.
- Enshrined Proposer-Builder Separation2024. Scaling.
- Block Gas Accounting without Refunds2024. Scaling.
- GETCONTRACT opcode2024. Scaling.
- Separate Metadata Section for EOF2024. Data and agents.
- SLOTNUM opcode2024. Scaling.
- EOF - EXTCODEADDRESS instruction2025. Scaling.
- Compute Gas Cost Analysis2025. Scaling.
- SSZ ProgressiveList2025. Consensus.
- Block-Level Access Lists2025. Scaling.
- Increase Maximum Contract Size2025. Data and agents.
- eth/70 - partial block receipt lists2025. Storage and networks.
- Increase Calldata Floor Cost2025. Scaling.
- Increase Access List Cost2024. Scaling.
- Deterministic Factory Contract2025. Scaling.
- Backward compatible SWAPN, DUPN, EXCHANGE2025. Scaling.
- State Creation Gas Cost Increase2025. Scaling.
- State-access gas cost update2025. Scaling.
- Exclude slashed validators from proposing2025. Privacy.
- Increase exit and consolidation churn2025. Consensus.
- Upgrade Mascots2024. Privacy.
- eth/72 - Sparse Blobpool2025. Scaling.
- Network Upgrade Naming2026. Scaling.
- Cell-Level Deltas for Data Column Broadcast2025. Scaling.
- eth/71 - Block Access List Exchange2026. Storage and networks.
- Reserve `EXTENSION (0xae)` opcode2026. Scaling.
- Private ETH and ERC-20 Transfers2026. Scaling.
- snap/2 - BAL-Based State Healing2026. Storage and networks.
- Remove SELFDESTRUCT Burn2026. Scaling.
- Gas Limit Schedule2026. Consensus.
- zkSync: a validity-proof rollup with an EVM-like virtual machine2023. Scaling.
- OP Stack protocol specification2023. Scaling.
- BoLD: a bounded dispute protocol for an optimistic rollup2024. Scaling.
- Starknet architecture: a validity rollup over Cairo2022. Scaling.
- Scroll: a zkEVM rollup design2023. Scaling.
- Taiko: a based contestable rollup2024. Scaling.
- Linea: a zkEVM rollup specification2023. Scaling.
- FuelVM: a virtual machine for parallel transaction execution2023. Scaling.
- MonadBFT and deferred execution2025. Consensus.
- Sei: a trading-oriented chain architecture2023. Markets.
- Proof of liquidity2024. Consensus.
- Hyperliquid L1 and on-chain order book2024. Markets.
- dYdX v4: an application-specific chain for perpetuals2023. Markets.
- Lido: liquid staking for Ethereum validators2021. Credit and stable value.
- Rocket Pool: a permissionless Ethereum staking pool2021. Credit and stable value.
- Secret shared validators: split an Ethereum validator across operators2023. Consensus.
- Obol: distributed validator technology2023. Consensus.
- EigenDA: a data-availability service beside Ethereum2023. Scaling.
- Symbiotic: a shared security marketplace2024. Consensus.
- USDe: a delta-neutral synthetic dollar design2024. Credit and stable value.
- Ondo: tokenised fund access2023. Credit and stable value.
- Sky: the system that succeeded the Dai documents2024. Credit and stable value.
- Spark: a lending market allocated from Sky2023. Credit and stable value.
- GHO: a stablecoin minted against Aave collateral2023. Credit and stable value.
- Frax: a fractional and fully backed stablecoin design, by the version the docs name2020. Credit and stable value.
- Pendle: splitting a yield-bearing token into principal and yield2021. Markets.
- Euler Vault Kit: credit vaults with isolated risk2024. Credit and stable value.
- Synthetix v3: collateralised debt for synthetic positions2023. Markets.
- GMX: a liquidity-pool perpetual exchange2021. Markets.
- LayerZero v2: endpoint, message libraries, and decentralised verifier networks2024. Interoperability.
- Wormhole: guardian-attested generic message passing2021. Interoperability.
- Axelar: cross-chain messages verified by its validator set2021. Interoperability.
- Hyperlane: modular interchain security2023. Interoperability.
- Cross-Chain Transfer Protocol: native burn and mint for USDC2023. Interoperability.
- Cross-Chain Interoperability Protocol2023. Interoperability.
- Across: intents settled by a relayer and a settlement contract2022. Interoperability.
- Hop: transfer bonds and an AMM between rollup representations2021. Interoperability.
- Pyth: first-party signed prices aggregated on a chain2021. Data and agents.
- RedStone: modular price delivery2022. Data and agents.
- API3: first-party oracles and Airnode2020. Data and agents.
- Chronicle: a validator-attested price oracle2023. Data and agents.
- World ID: a proof of personhood protocol2023. Privacy.
- Farcaster: identity contracts and off-chain messages2022. Data and agents.
- Ethereum Name Service: names, resolvers, and records2017. Data and agents.
- Safe: owner sets, thresholds, and modules2023. Data and agents.
- CoW: batch auctions and solvers2021. Markets.
- UniswapX: signed intents filled by a reactor2023. Markets.
- 1inch Fusion: resolvers filling signed swap orders2022. Markets.
- Polymarket: an exchange on conditional tokens2020. Markets.
- Conditional tokens: partitions of collateral on a reported outcome2020. Markets.
- Kleros: a court that selects jurors with a Schelling-point vote2019. Data and agents.
- Reality.eth: bonded questions and arbitration2018. Data and agents.
- RISC Zero zkVM: proving RISC-V execution2022. Confidential compute.
- SP1: a zkVM for RISC-V programs2024. Confidential compute.
- Jolt: lookups for a virtual machine2023. Confidential compute.
- Plonky2: a recursive SNARK stack2022. Confidential compute.
- Halo 2: a proving system without a trusted setup, as published by Zcash2020. Privacy.
- Noir: a language that compiles to a constraint system2022. Confidential compute.
- Aztec: a privacy-preserving rollup design2023. Privacy.
- Penumbra: a shielded zone for a Cosmos-style chain2022. Privacy.
- Namada: shielded transfers beside a public chain2023. Privacy.
- Anoma: intent-centric architecture2022. Data and agents.
- Iron Fish: a shielded payments chain2021. Privacy.
- Secret Network: contracts with encrypted state on a known validator set2020. Confidential compute.
- Oasis: confidential ParaTimes beside a consensus layer2020. Confidential compute.
- Phala: off-chain workers with on-chain attestation2021. Confidential compute.
- Celestia: data-availability sampling as a deployed network2023. Scaling.
- Avail: data availability with validity proofs of the data commitment2023. Scaling.
- Espresso: a shared sequencer with a hotshot-style consensus2023. Scaling.
- Babylon: Bitcoin staking as a timestamp and slashable bond2024. Interoperability.
- Stacks Nakamoto: Bitcoin-finalised block production2024. Consensus.
- Rootstock: a merged-mined Bitcoin sidechain with an EVM2019. Scaling.
- Citrea: a zk-rollup that settles to Bitcoin2024. Scaling.
- Spiderchain: an EVM chain pegged by a rotating set of Bitcoin multisigs2024. Interoperability.
- Block-STM: parallel execution by turning a preset order into a schedule2022. Scaling.
- Plonky3: a toolkit of proof-system components2023. Confidential compute.
- Basis of Lightning Technology: the public protocol specifications2016. Scaling.
- Ark: out-of-round payments against a shared Bitcoin transaction2023. Scaling.
- Cashu: Chaumian ecash notes on top of Bitcoin custodians2023. Privacy.
- Fedimint: federated Chaumian ecash2022. Privacy.
- RGB: client-side validated contracts anchored to Bitcoin2023. Scaling.
- Zcash protocol specification2016. Privacy.
- Zero to Monero: a technical review of the Monero protocol2020. Privacy.
- Town Crier: an authenticated data feed from HTTPS using trusted hardware2016. Data and agents.
- DECO: proving statements about TLS data without a trusted hardware box2019. Data and agents.
- Privacy pools: association-set proofs for compliant withdrawals2023. Privacy.
- Tornado Cash: a fixed-denomination mixer proved by a succinct argument2019. Privacy.
- RAILGUN: shielded balances inside a smart-contract system2021. Privacy.
- Yearn v2: vaults that allocate deposits to strategies2020. Credit and stable value.
- Convex: a metering layer for Curve gauge weights2021. Markets.
- Centrifuge: pools of real-world assets with tranche tokens2021. Credit and stable value.
- Maple: undercollateralised lending pools with delegates2021. Credit and stable value.
- Goldfinch: backers, liquidity providers, and off-chain borrowers2021. Credit and stable value.
- Jito: a Solana block engine and tip auction2022. Markets.
- Marinade: a Solana stake pool2021. Credit and stable value.
- Jupiter: a Solana route aggregator2021. Markets.
- Drift: a Solana perpetual exchange with a liquidity pool2021. Markets.
- Whirlpools: concentrated liquidity on Solana2022. Markets.
- Raydium: an AMM and an order-book hybrid on Solana2021. Markets.
- Kamino: automated liquidity and lending on Solana2022. Markets.
- ether.fi: a liquid restaking and staking design with operator separation2023. Credit and stable value.
- Puffer: Ethereum validators with anti-slashing claims2024. Credit and stable value.
- Celo: a proof-of-stake payments chain2020. Consensus.
- Nervos CKB: a cell model generalisation of the UTXO2019. Consensus.
- Kaspa: a blockDAG that orders blocks with GHOSTDAG2021. Consensus.
- CometBFT: the consensus implementation in the Tendermint line2023. Consensus.
- Cross-Consensus Messaging: Polkadot's message format2022. Interoperability.
- Nightshade: NEAR's sharding design2019. Scaling.
- Sui Move: objects, not accounts, as the programming model2023. Scaling.
- Move: a language with resources that cannot be copied2020. Data and agents.
- DeepBook: a central limit order book as a Sui shared object2023. Markets.
- Walrus: blob storage with a committee, published beside Sui2024. Storage and networks.
- Ethereum proof-of-stake consensus specifications2020. Consensus.
- MEV-Boost: a proposer and builder marketplace for Ethereum blocks2022. Markets.
- SUAVE: a separate chain for preferences and block building2023. Markets.
- The Cosmos SDK: an application framework on CometBFT2019. Consensus.
- Solana cluster and consensus documentation2018. Consensus.
- Firedancer: an independent Solana validator client2024. Consensus.
- Chainflip: a threshold-custody cross-chain AMM2023. Interoperability.
- Compound III: a single-borrow-asset market2022. Credit and stable value.
- Liquity V2: user-set rates and batched liquidations2024. Credit and stable value.
- RAI: a reflex index governed by a controller, not a dollar peg2021. Credit and stable value.
- An out-of-protocol block market beside Ethereum consensus2022. Markets.
- Lasso: lookup arguments for large tables2022. Confidential compute.
- Redshift: a transparent SNARK with a universal setup2019. Confidential compute.
- Coordicide: removing the IOTA coordinator2019. Consensus.
- Chia: proofs of space and time as a consensus2019. Consensus.
- tBTC: bitcoin custody by a signer set with a redemption flow2020. Interoperability.
- Connext Amarok: modular cross-chain transfers2021. Interoperability.
- Stargate: unified liquidity pools for cross-chain transfers2022. Interoperability.
- Lens: on-chain social graph profiles2022. Data and agents.
- Gelato: a network of executors for contract tasks2020. Data and agents.
- Keep3r: a registry of jobs and keepers2020. Data and agents.
- Band: an oracle script executed by a validator set2019. Data and agents.
- Akash: a marketplace for compute leases2018. Storage and networks.
- Render: a marketplace for rendering jobs2017. Storage and networks.
- io.net: a network of GPU suppliers2024. Storage and networks.
- Symphony: execution-aware consensus and proposer disaggregation2026. Consensus.
- SQD: a decentralised query network for chain data2021. Data and agents.
- Base: an OP Stack rollup operated as a product2023. Scaling.
- Polygon zkEVM: a validity rollup in the zkEVM family2023. Scaling.
- Superstate: tokenised fund shares with transfer restrictions2023. Credit and stable value.
- Usual: a stablecoin claim backed by treasury-style collateral, as the docs describe2024. Credit and stable value.
- Meteora DLMM: discrete liquidity on Solana2023. Markets.
- Sanctum: a liquidity layer for Solana stake tokens2023. Credit and stable value.
- Swell: a liquid staking and restaking token2023. Credit and stable value.
- Kelp: a liquid restaking token2023. Credit and stable value.
- Karak: restaking with a catalogue of services2024. Consensus.
- Noble: an issuance chain for native assets in the Cosmos line2023. Interoperability.
- Injective: an on-chain order-book exchange module2021. Markets.
- Osmosis: an AMM as a chain, with governance over pools2021. Markets.
- Movement: a Move execution environment that settles elsewhere2024. Scaling.
- Astria: a shared sequencer for rollups2023. Scaling.
- TLSNotary: notarising a TLS session2014. Data and agents.
- Sovereign SDK: a toolkit for rollups with replaceable DA and proof2023. Scaling.
- Ethereum Lightweight Identity2018. Data and agents.
- Formalize IPFS hash into ENS(Ethereum Name Service) resolver2018. Data and agents.
- Status Codes2018. Data and agents.
- Gas relay for contract calls2018. Data and agents.
- Universal login / signup using ENS subdomains2018. Data and agents.
- Recoverable Token2018. Markets.
- Standard Bounties2018. Data and agents.
- Revised Ethereum Smart Contract Packaging Standard2018. Data and agents.
- Standardised DAPP announcements2018. Data and agents.
- Extending ERC20 with token locking capability2018. Markets.
- Oracle Interface2018. Data and agents.
- Wallet & shop standard for all tokens (erc20)2018. Markets.
- Multi-class Token Standard2018. Markets.
- Storage of DNS Records in ENS2018. Storage and networks.
- Add chain id to mixed-case checksum address encoding2018. Data and agents.
- Voting Interface2018. Data and agents.
- ERC-1203 Multi-Class Token Standard (ERC-20 Extension)2018. Markets.
- DAuth Access Delegation Standard2018. Data and agents.
- Membership Verification Token (MVT)2018. Markets.
- Smart Contract Package Registry Interface2018. Data and agents.
- Subscriptions on the blockchain2018. Data and agents.
- Ethereum Domain Name Service - Specification2016. Data and agents.
- Attestation management contract2018. Data and agents.
- Merkle Tree Attestations with Privacy enabled2018. Privacy.
- Attestation Issuers Management List2018. Data and agents.
- Poll Standard2018. Data and agents.
- dApp Components (avatar) & Universal Wallet2018. Data and agents.
- Localized Messaging with Signal-to-Text2018. Data and agents.
- Base Security Token2018. Markets.
- Digital Identity Aggregator2018. Data and agents.
- Human Cost Accounting Standard (Like Gas but for humans)2018. Data and agents.
- Upgradable Smart Contract2018. Data and agents.
- Standard for Insurance Policies as ERC-721 Non Fungible Tokens2018. Markets.
- Transparent Contract Standard2018. Data and agents.
- contenthash field for ENS2018. Data and agents.
- Non-wallet usage of keys derived from BIP-32 trees2018. Data and agents.
- Address and ERC20-compliant transfer rules2018. Markets.
- Gas stations network2018. Storage and networks.
- Attribute Registry Standard2018. Data and agents.
- Money Streaming2018. Data and agents.
- Re-Fungible Token Standard (RFT)2018. Markets.
- URL Format for Web3 Browsers2019. Data and agents.
- Smart Contract Interface for Licences2019. Data and agents.
- Scoped Approval Interface2019. Data and agents.
- App Keys, application specific wallet accounts2019. Data and agents.
- ENS support for reverse resolution of Ethereum addresses2016. Data and agents.
- Ethereum Verifiable Claims2019. Data and agents.
- Universal Upgradeable Proxy Standard (UUPS)2019. Data and agents.
- ENS Interface Discovery2019. Data and agents.
- Ethereum Smart Contract Packaging Standard2017. Data and agents.
- dType - Decentralized Type System for EVM2019. Data and agents.
- dType Functions Extension2019. Data and agents.
- zk-SNARK Verifier Standard2018. Data and agents.
- zk-SNARK Verifier Registry Standard2018. Data and agents.
- Non-fungible Data Token2019. Markets.
- Scalable Rewards2019. Data and agents.
- Holdable Token2019. Markets.
- Compliance Service2019. Data and agents.
- Clearable Token2019. Markets.
- Fundable Token2019. Markets.
- E-Money Standard Token2019. Markets.
- Payoutable Token2019. Markets.
- ENS support for contract ABIs2017. Data and agents.
- dType Storage Extension - Decentralized Type System for EVM2019. Storage and networks.
- dType Alias Extension - Decentralized Type System2019. Data and agents.
- Atomic Swap-based American Call Option Contract Standard2019. Markets.
- Multichain address resolution for ENS2019. Data and agents.
- BLS12-381 Key Generation2019. Data and agents.
- BLS12-381 Deterministic Account Hierarchy2019. Data and agents.
- BLS12-381 Keystore2019. Data and agents.
- Ethereum 2 Hierarchical Deterministic Walletstore2019. Data and agents.
- Geo-ENS2019. Data and agents.
- Transaction Receipt URI2019. Data and agents.
- Singleton Factory2020. Data and agents.
- Token Metadata Integrity2020. Markets.
- Baby Jubjub Elliptic Curve2020. Data and agents.
- Multiple contenthash records for ENS2020. Data and agents.
- ENSLogin2020. Data and agents.
- ENS Wildcard Resolution2020. Data and agents.
- Saving and Displaying Image Onchain for Universal Tokens2020. Markets.
- Non-Fungible Token with mortgage and rental functions2020. Markets.
- Hierarchical Deterministic Wallet for Layer-22020. Data and agents.
- Ethereum 2 wallet layout2020. Data and agents.
- Rules Engine Standard2020. Data and agents.
- Contract Ownership Governance2020. Data and agents.
- Meta-Transactions Forwarder Contract2020. Data and agents.
- My Own Messages (MOM)2020. Data and agents.
- Deposit contract and address standard2020. Data and agents.
- Staking Reward Calculation2020. Data and agents.
- EthPM URI Specification2020. Data and agents.
- Swiss Compliant Asset Token2020. Markets.
- Optimistic enactment governance standard2020. Data and agents.
- Batched meta transactions2020. Data and agents.
- Transfer With Authorization2020. Data and agents.
- Exclusive Claimable Token2020. Markets.
- Flash Loans2020. Credit and stable value.
- Described Data2021. Data and agents.
- Batch Flash Loans2021. Credit and stable value.
- ERC-721 and ERC-1155 to ERC-20 Wrapper2021. Markets.
- ERC-721 Editions Standard2021. Data and agents.
- Standardized Shamir Secret Sharing Scheme for BIP-39 Mnemonics2021. Data and agents.
- Trust Minimized Upgradeability Proxy2021. Data and agents.
- Sealed NFT Metadata Standard2021. Markets.
- Assemble assets into NFTs2021. Markets.
- Poster2021. Data and agents.
- A Vanilla Non-Fungible Token Standard2021. Markets.
- Chain-specific addresses2021. Data and agents.
- Compressed Integers2021. Data and agents.
- Ordered NFT Batch Standard2021. Markets.
- Interface for Staked Tokens in NFTs2021. Markets.
- Micropayments for NFTs and Multi Tokens2021. Markets.
- Described Transactions2021. Data and agents.
- Permit for ERC-721 NFTs2021. Markets.
- 721/20-compatible transfer2021. Data and agents.
- Safer ERC-202021. Markets.
- QR Code transmission protocol for wallets2021. Data and agents.
- Wrapped Deposits2021. Data and agents.
- Non-Tradable Tokens Standard2022. Markets.
- Multi-Fractional Non-Fungible Tokens2022. Markets.
- Non-Fungible Token Ownership Designation Standard2022. Markets.
- Common Interfaces for DAOs2022. Data and agents.
- Composable SVG NFT2022. Markets.
- Subscription NFTs and Multi Tokens2022. Markets.
- Proxy Ownership Register2022. Data and agents.
- Generic Token Upgrade Standard2021. Markets.
- Contract with Exactly One Non-fungible Token2022. Markets.
- Entangled Tokens2022. Markets.
- Name-Owned Account2022. Data and agents.
- Account-bound Tokens2022. Markets.
- Ratings2022. Data and agents.
- Held token interface2021. Markets.
- Zodiac Modular Accounts2022. Data and agents.
- ERC-721 Nonce Extension2022. Data and agents.
- Filesystem-like Interface for Contracts2022. Data and agents.
- Interactive NFTs with Modular Environments2021. Markets.
- Lockable Non-Fungible Tokens2022. Markets.
- URL Format for Ethereum Network Switching2022. Storage and networks.
- Principal Token2022. Markets.
- Soulbound Badge2022. Data and agents.
- SY Token2022. Markets.
- SAFE Authentication For ENS2022. Data and agents.
- Remote Procedure Call Provider Lists2022. Data and agents.
- Slippage Protection for Tokenized Vault2022. Credit and stable value.
- Cross-Chain Execution2022. Interoperability.
- NFT Future Rewards (nFR)2022. Markets.
- NFT Updatable Metadata Extension2022. Markets.
- Extend EIP-1155 with rentable usage rights2022. Data and agents.
- Account Abstraction via Endorsed Operations2022. Data and agents.
- ERC-1155 Allowance Extension2022. Data and agents.
- NFT Rights Management2022. Markets.
- Smart Contract Executable Proposal Interface2022. Data and agents.
- Account-bound Finance2022. Data and agents.
- ERC Detection and Discovery2022. Data and agents.
- Ethereum Notary Interface2022. Data and agents.
- ENS Trust to hold NFTs under ENS name2022. Markets.
- EIP-721 User And Expires And Level Extension2022. Data and agents.
- EIP-1155 Non-Fungible Token extension2022. Markets.
- Security Contact Interface2022. Data and agents.
- Endorsement - Permit for Any Functions2022. Data and agents.
- Jurisdiction, Accreditation, and Enforcement2022. Data and agents.
- Multi-privilege Management NFT Extension2022. Markets.
- Mixed-case checksum address encoding2016. Data and agents.
- Rental & Delegation NFT - EIP-721 Extension2022. Markets.
- EIP-1155 asset backed NFT extension2022. Markets.
- Revocation List Registry2022. Data and agents.
- Representing IP and its Royalty Structure2022. Data and agents.
- NFT Legal Use, Repurposing, and Remixing2022. Markets.
- Cross Chain Write Deferral Protocol2022. Interoperability.
- Redeemable NFTs2022. Markets.
- Well-Known Format for Required Actions2022. Data and agents.
- Sign-In with Ethereum Capabilities, ReCaps2021. Data and agents.
- NFT Lien2022. Markets.
- New approach for encryption / decryption2022. Data and agents.
- Composable Soulbound NFT, EIP-1155 Extension2022. Markets.
- NFT Licensing Agreements2022. Markets.
- Delegation Registry2022. Data and agents.
- Subscription NFTs2022. Markets.
- Bindable Token Interface2022. Markets.
- Signature replacement interface2022. Data and agents.
- Semi-Fungible Soulbound Token2022. Markets.
- Latent Fungible Token2022. Markets.
- Lockable Extension for EIP-7212022. Data and agents.
- Physical Backed Tokens2022. Markets.
- Voting with delegation2022. Data and agents.
- Auto-renewable allowance extension2022. Data and agents.
- Complex Numbers stored in `bytes32` types2022. Data and agents.
- On-Chain Verifiable Credentials2022. Data and agents.
- Token Transfer by Social Recovery2022. Markets.
- Smart Contract Event Hooks2022. Data and agents.
- Role-based Access Control2022. Data and agents.
- ERC-721 Balance indexing via Transfer event2022. Markets.
- Real Estate Token2022. Markets.
- Universal Token Router2022. Markets.
- Smart Derivative Contract2022. Data and agents.
- Cross-Chain Messaging Interface2022. Interoperability.
- Contracts Dependencies Registry2022. Data and agents.
- Tokenized Vaults with Lock-in Period2022. Credit and stable value.
- Untransferability Indicator for EIP-11552022. Data and agents.
- ERC-2771 Namespaced Account Abstraction2023. Data and agents.
- Elastic Signature2023. Data and agents.
- Storage of text records in ENS2017. Storage and networks.
- Charity token2022. Markets.
- Single-contract Multi-delegatecall2023. Data and agents.
- Cross-Chain Token States Synchronization2023. Interoperability.
- Permission Token2022. Markets.
- Contract clock2023. Data and agents.
- Human-readable offline signatures2023. Data and agents.
- Multi-operator, per-token ERC-721 approvals.2023. Markets.
- P2P Escrowed Governance Incentives2023. Data and agents.
- Non-fungible Token Bound Accounts2023. Markets.
- Cultural and Historical Asset Token2023. Markets.
- Abstract Token2023. Markets.
- Bit Based Permission2023. Data and agents.
- AA Account Metadata For Authentication2023. Data and agents.
- NFT Flashloans2023. Credit and stable value.
- URI Scheme with Metadata, Value and Bytecode2016. Data and agents.
- L2 Token List2023. Markets.
- L2 Aliasing of EVM-based Addresses2022. Data and agents.
- ERC-721 Utilities Information Extension2023. Data and agents.
- Registry for royalties payment for NFTs2023. Markets.
- Order Book DEX with Two Phase Withdrawal2023. Markets.
- ERC-721 Holding Time Tracking2023. Data and agents.
- Support ENS Name for Web3 URL2023. Data and agents.
- Token Mapping Slot Retrieval Extension2023. Markets.
- Web3 URL to EVM Call Message Translation2023. Data and agents.
- Upgradable Fungible Token2023. Markets.
- On-Chain EIP-712 Visualization2023. Data and agents.
- Modular Smart Contract Accounts2023. Data and agents.
- Subscription-Based Token2023. Markets.
- ERC-5219 Resolve Mode2023. Data and agents.
- Asset-bound Non-Fungible Tokens2023. Markets.
- Dual Layer Token2023. Markets.
- Reserved Ownership Accounts2023. Data and agents.
- ERC-721 with transaction validation step.2023. Data and agents.
- NFT Creator Attribution2023. Markets.
- NFT Relationship Enhancement2023. Markets.
- MIME type for Web3 URL in Auto Mode2023. Data and agents.
- Social Recovery Interface2023. Data and agents.
- ERC-20 with transaction validation step.2023. Markets.
- Simple token, Simplified ERC-202023. Markets.
- Contract wallet management token2023. Markets.
- Encumber - Splitting Ownership & Guarantees2023. Data and agents.
- General data key/value store and execution2017. Data and agents.
- Token Revenue Sharing2023. Markets.
- Ethereum Access Token2023. Markets.
- NFT Metadata Extension like JSON-LD2023. Markets.
- Token-Controlled Token Circulation2023. Markets.
- Vanilla Options for ERC-20 Tokens2022. Markets.
- ⚡ Flash Loans ⚡2023. Credit and stable value.
- Portable Smart Contract Accounts2023. Data and agents.
- Multi-Namespace Onchain Registry2023. Data and agents.
- ERC-20 Update Allowance By Spender2023. Markets.
- On-Demand Off-Chain Data Retrieval2023. Data and agents.
- Token Converter2023. Markets.
- Tokenized Reserve2023. Markets.
- Time Locks Maturity2023. Data and agents.
- Registry Extension for ERC-75792023. Data and agents.
- NFT Dynamic Traits2023. Markets.
- NFT Redeemables2023. Markets.
- Trusted Hint Registry2023. Data and agents.
- Multi-User NFT Extension2023. Markets.
- Dynamic On-Chain Token Attributes Repository2023. Markets.
- Entity Component System2023. Data and agents.
- Cross-Contract Hierarchical NFT2023. Markets.
- Minimal Proxy Contract with PUSH02023. Data and agents.
- Onchain Representation for Audits2023. Data and agents.
- Smart NFT - A Component for Intent-Centric2023. Markets.
- Content Consent for AI/ML Data Mining2023. Data and agents.
- Dynamic Compliant Interop Security Token2023. Markets.
- General Intents for Smart Contract Wallets2023. Data and agents.
- OIDC ZK Verifier for AA Account2023. Data and agents.
- PLUME Signature in Wallets2023. Data and agents.
- Token Bound Function Oracle AMM2023. Markets.
- Contract Discovery and eTLD+1 Association2023. Data and agents.
- Staked ERC-721 Ownership Recognition2023. Data and agents.
- Public Cross Port2023. Data and agents.
- Multiplicative Tokens2023. Markets.
- Upgradeable Clone for Scalable Contracts2023. Data and agents.
- Open IP Protocol built on NFTs2023. Markets.
- Single Sign-On for Account Discovery2023. Data and agents.
- Simple NFT, Simplified ERC-7212023. Markets.
- Account Abstraction Validation Scope Rules2023. Data and agents.
- Contract wallet management NFT2023. Markets.
- Perpetual Contract NFTs as Collateral2023. Credit and stable value.
- Multiplayer Game Communication2023. Data and agents.
- Contract-level metadata via `contractURI()`2023. Data and agents.
- Conditional-upon-Transfer-Decryption for DvP2023. Data and agents.
- Authentication SBT using Credential2023. Data and agents.
- Minimal Modular Smart Accounts2023. Data and agents.
- Advertisement Tracking Interface2023. Data and agents.
- Modular Accounts with Delegated Validation2023. Data and agents.
- MixHash and Public Data Storage Proofs2023. Storage and networks.
- Interest Rate Swaps2023. Markets.
- Semi-Fungible Token Roles2023. Markets.
- ERC-20 Holder Extension for NFTs2024. Markets.
- Collateralized NFT2023. Credit and stable value.
- Signature Validation Extension for Permit2024. Data and agents.
- Use contract signature for signed transfer2024. Data and agents.
- ERC-1155 Multi-Asset extension2024. Data and agents.
- ERC-1155 Permit Approvals2024. Data and agents.
- Puppet Proxy Contract2024. Data and agents.
- Atomic Push-based Data Feed Among Contracts2024. Data and agents.
- Chunk support for ERC-5219 mode in Web3 URL2024. Data and agents.
- Content encoding in ERC-5219 mode Web3 URL2024. Data and agents.
- Basket Token2024. Markets.
- ERC-721 Ownership Shares Extension2024. Data and agents.
- ERC-20/ERC-721 Unified Token Interface2024. Markets.
- Interfaces for Named Token2024. Markets.
- Batch Calls Encoding in SCA2024. Data and agents.
- Intrinsic RevShare Token2024. Markets.
- ERC-721 Name Registry Extension2024. Data and agents.
- Bonding curve-embedded liquidity for NFTs2024. Markets.
- Fractionally Represented Non-Fungible Token2024. Markets.
- ERC-721 Guarantee Extension2024. Data and agents.
- Request Method Types2024. Data and agents.
- AI Agent NFTs2024. Markets.
- Distinguishable base256emoji Addresses2024. Data and agents.
- Temporary Approval Extension for ERC-202024. Markets.
- Paymaster Web Service Capability2024. Data and agents.
- UserOperation Builder2024. Data and agents.
- Dual Nature Multi Token Protocol2024. Markets.
- Auxiliary Funds Capability2024. Data and agents.
- Cross Chain Intents2024. Interoperability.
- Solana Storage Router2024. Storage and networks.
- Ownership Delegation and Context for ERC-7212024. Data and agents.
- ERC-20 Transfer Reference Extension2024. Markets.
- Cross-chain Storage Router Protocol2024. Interoperability.
- Smart Contract Delegation2024. Data and agents.
- Request Permissions from Wallets2024. Data and agents.
- Deferred Token Transfer2024. Markets.
- Lockable Extension for ERC-11552023. Data and agents.
- Opaque Token2024. Markets.
- Common Quote Oracle2024. Data and agents.
- Token with Metadata2023. Markets.
- Structured Data Clear Signing Format2024. Data and agents.
- Permissionless Script Registry2024. Data and agents.
- Readable Typed Signatures for Smart Accounts2024. Data and agents.
- Authorize Operator2024. Data and agents.
- Code Index2024. Markets.
- Composable Security Middleware Hooks2024. Data and agents.
- Decentralized Employment System2024. Data and agents.
- Tamperproof Extension Wallets API (TWIST)2024. Data and agents.
- Transfer With Authorization2020. Data and agents.
- Minimal Upgradeable Proxies2024. Data and agents.
- Privileged Non-Fungible Tokens Tied To RWA2024. Markets.
- Signature Aggregation for ERC-43372024. Data and agents.
- JSON-RPC API for ERC-43372024. Data and agents.
- Fractional Reserve Token2024. Markets.
- Cache invalidation in ERC-5219 mode Web3 URL2024. Data and agents.
- Transparent Financial Statements2024. Data and agents.
- Governance for Human Robot Societies2024. Data and agents.
- Interoperable Delegated Accounts2024. Data and agents.
- Validation Module Extension for ERC-75792024. Data and agents.
- Onchain registration of chain identifiers2024. Data and agents.
- Soulbound Degradable Governance2024. Data and agents.
- Grant Registry2024. Data and agents.
- Wallet Call Token Capabilities2024. Markets.
- Conditional send transaction RPC2024. Data and agents.
- Token With Mint/Burn Access Across Chains2024. Interoperability.
- EIP-712 Extensions for Account Abstraction2024. Data and agents.
- Minimal intent-centric EOA smart account2024. Data and agents.
- Wallet Asset Discovery2024. Data and agents.
- ZK Identity Registry2024. Data and agents.
- Minimal Batch Executor Interface2024. Data and agents.
- JSON Contract with Value Version Control2024. Data and agents.
- Interoperable Names2024. Data and agents.
- Data Asset NFT2024. Markets.
- Multi-Chain Addressing2024. Data and agents.
- Sustainable collaborative NFT collections2024. Markets.
- Wallet Call Preparation API2024. Data and agents.
- Cross-chain Message Format and Mailbox2024. Interoperability.
- Universal Orchestrator RPC2024. Data and agents.
- Wallet Connection API2024. Data and agents.
- Social Media NFTs2024. Markets.
- Chain-Specific Payment Requests2025. Data and agents.
- ERC-721 Verifiable Credential Extension2025. Data and agents.
- Decentralised User Profiles2025. Data and agents.
- Wallet Signing API2024. Data and agents.
- Ethereum Network Configuration for DApps2025. Storage and networks.
- Operation Router2025. Data and agents.
- Cancelation for ERC-7540 Tokenized Vaults2025. Credit and stable value.
- Crosschain Broadcaster2025. Data and agents.
- Splitting and Merging of NFTs2025. Markets.
- API for Hierarchical Accounts2025. Data and agents.
- Wallet-Linked Services for Smart Accounts2024. Data and agents.
- Wallet Capabilities for Account Abstraction2025. Data and agents.
- Composite EIP-712 Signatures2025. Data and agents.
- PermaLink Asset Bound Token2025. Markets.
- Interoperable Addresses2025. Data and agents.
- Versioned Proxy Contract Interface2025. Data and agents.
- Confidential Transactions Supported Token2025. Privacy.
- Unidirectional Wallet Uplink aka UWULink2025. Data and agents.
- Account Abstraction Recovery Interface2025. Data and agents.
- Permissionless CREATE2 Factory2025. Data and agents.
- Key Hash Based Tokens2025. Markets.
- Crosschain EIP-712 Signatures2025. Data and agents.
- Proof-based Broadcast in ERC-7786 Gateways2025. Data and agents.
- Owner-Authorized Token Transfer Protocol2025. Markets.
- DomainKeys Identified Mail (DKIM) Registry2025. Data and agents.
- Confidential Fungible Token2025. Privacy.
- Gateway Attributes for Message Control2024. Data and agents.
- Minimal Avatar Smart Wallet (MASW)2025. Data and agents.
- Verifiable ML Model Inference (ZKML)2025. Data and agents.
- Contract Feature Detection2025. Data and agents.
- Operator contract for non delegated EOAs2025. Data and agents.
- Simplified Payment Verification Gateway2025. Data and agents.
- Trustless Agents2025. Data and agents.
- Canary Standard2017. Data and agents.
- Payout Race2025. Data and agents.
- Minimal Wallet-Managed Auto-Login for SIWE2025. Data and agents.
- Multi-step Contract Ownership2025. Data and agents.
- Agent Council Oracles2025. Data and agents.
- ESG Tokenization Protocol2025. Markets.
- Fixed-Supply Agent NFT Collections2025. Markets.
- Forensic Token (Forest)2025. Markets.
- Onchain Metadata for Token Registries2025. Markets.
- Contract-Level Onchain Metadata2025. Data and agents.
- Forkable ERC-20 Token2025. Markets.
- Scaled UI Amount Extension for ERC-20 Tokens2025. Scaling.
- Zero Knowledge Token Wrapper2025. Privacy.
- Self-Describing Bytes via EIP-712 Selectors2025. Data and agents.
- Zero-knowledge proof metadata2025. Privacy.
- Dual-Mode Fungible Tokens2025. Markets.
- Privacy Token2025. Privacy.
- Associated Accounts2025. Data and agents.
- Representable Contract State2025. Data and agents.
- RWA Event-based Compliance Framework2025. Data and agents.
- ENS Trust Registry for Agent Coordination2025. Data and agents.
- Diamonds, Simplified2025. Data and agents.
- Domain Architecture for Diamonds2025. Data and agents.
- Bound Signatures2025. Data and agents.
- Series Accounting for Incentivized Vaults2025. Credit and stable value.
- Anti-Poisoning Compact EVM Address Format2025. Data and agents.
- Parameterized Storage Keys2025. Storage and networks.
- Cross-Chain Function Calls via Hooks2025. Interoperability.
- Minimal Agent Registry2025. Data and agents.
- Human Readable Token Identifiers2026. Markets.
- Smart Credential Resolution Interface2025. Data and agents.
- Content-Addressable Logic Modules (CALM)2026. Data and agents.
- Facet-Based Diamonds2026. Data and agents.
- Modular Dispatch Proxies2026. Data and agents.
- Descriptor Attestations for ERC-77302026. Data and agents.
- Blob Space Segments2026. Scaling.
- Blob Authenticated Messaging2026. Scaling.
- Agentic Commerce2026. Data and agents.
- Token Puller2026. Markets.
- Sandboxed Smart Wallet2026. Data and agents.
- Agent NFT Identity Bindings2026. Markets.
- Regulated Agent Mandate2026. Data and agents.
- Token Exchange Standard2018. Markets.
- Expiring Token Approvals2026. Markets.
- Agent Tool Registry2026. Data and agents.
- Zero-Knowledge Compliance Oracle2026. Privacy.
- Attestation-Gated Agentic Actions2025. Data and agents.
- Modular Accounts for Frame Transactions2026. Data and agents.
- Shielded Note Teleportation2026. Privacy.
- URI Format for Ethereum2018. Data and agents.
- Regulated Asset Claim2026. Data and agents.
- Asset Anchor Registry2026. Data and agents.
- Canonical Document Bundle Anchor2026. Data and agents.
- Directional Transfer Domain Registry2026. Data and agents.
- Subject-Linked Compliance Event Log2026. Data and agents.
- Subject-Linked Impact Snapshot Log2026. Data and agents.
- Subject-Linked NAV Snapshot Oracle2026. Data and agents.
- Index-Based Multi-Facet Proxy2026. Markets.
- Agent Memory State Registry2026. Data and agents.
- Confidential Agent Policy Verdicts2026. Privacy.
- Reference-Relative Slippage Bounds2026. Data and agents.
- ABI specification for REVERT reason string2020. Data and agents.
- Portable Execution Plan Artifact2026. Data and agents.
- Simpler NFT standard with batching and native atomic swaps2018. Markets.
- DGCL Token2018. Markets.
- DelegateProxy2018. Data and agents.
- Simple Staking Interface2018. Data and agents.
- Token Validation2018. Markets.
- Mineable Token Standard2018. Markets.
- Address metadata registry2018. Data and agents.
- Generalised authorisations2018. Data and agents.
- Composable Non-Fungible Token2018. Markets.
- EIP Purpose and Guidelines2015. Data and agents.
- Change difficulty adjustment to target mean block time including uncles2016. Consensus.
- Serenity Currency and Crypto Abstraction2015. Consensus.
- Uniformity Between 0xAb5801a7D398351b8bE11C439e05C5B3259aeC9B and 0x15E55EF43efA8348dDaeAa455F16C43B64917e3c2018. Consensus.
- Hybrid Casper FFG2018. Consensus.
- "Hardfork Meta: Constantinople"2018. Data and agents.
- Skinny CREATE22018. Consensus.
- Configurable On Chain Issuance2018. Consensus.
- Overflow checking for the EVM2018. Consensus.
- ProgPoW, a Programmatic Proof-of-Work2018. Markets.
- safe "eth_sendTransaction" authorization via html popup2016. Data and agents.
- Net gas metering for SSTORE operations2018. Consensus.
- Opt-in account exposure2018. Data and agents.
- PRECOMPILEDCALL opcode (Remove CALL costs for precompiled contracts)2018. Consensus.
- RPC-Method to get Merkle Proofs - eth_getProof2018. Data and agents.
- Defuse Difficulty Bomb and Reset Block Reward2018. Consensus.
- Constantinople Difficulty Bomb Delay and Block Reward Adjustment2018. Consensus.
- Remove Difficulty Bomb2018. Consensus.
- Eliminate Difficulty Bomb and Adjust Block Reward on Constantinople Shift2018. Consensus.
- Increase Gcallstipend gas in the CALL opcode2018. Consensus.
- Modify Ethereum PoW Incentive Structure and Delay Difficulty Bomb2018. Consensus.
- Specify restricted address range for precompiles/system contracts2018. Consensus.
- Ethash 1a2018. Consensus.
- Reduced gas cost for call to self2018. Consensus.
- Blockchain Storage Rent Payment2018. Storage and networks.
- Node Discovery via DNS2018. Storage and networks.
- Smart Contract Weakness Classification (SWC)2018. Data and agents.
- Remote procedure call specification2018. Data and agents.
- Define a maximum block timestamp drift2018. Consensus.
- TEthashV12018. Consensus.
- Gas cost changes for IO-heavy operations2016. Consensus.
- Simple replay attack protection2016. Consensus.
- EthereumStratum/2.0.02018. Data and agents.
- State clearing2016. Consensus.
- "Hardfork Meta: Ethereum ProgPoW"2018. Data and agents.
- EXP cost increase2016. Consensus.
- State trie clearing (invariant-preserving alternative)2016. Consensus.
- "Hardfork Meta: Istanbul"2019. Data and agents.
- Temporal Replay Protection2019. Consensus.
- Storage Rent2018. Storage and networks.
- Contract code size limit2016. Consensus.
- Generalized Account Versioning Scheme2017. Data and agents.
- Disable SSTORE with gasleft lower than call stipend2019. Consensus.
- "Hardfork Meta: Petersburg"2019. Data and agents.
- GraphQL interface to Ethereum node data2019. Data and agents.
- Rename opcodes for clarity2017. Data and agents.
- Precompile for Elliptic Curve Linear Combinations2019. Consensus.
- Ethereum Network Upgrade Windows2018. Storage and networks.
- Commitment to Sustainable Ecosystem Funding2019. Consensus.
- Support for an Elliptic Curve Cycle2018. Consensus.
- Add OpenRPC Service Discovery To JSON-RPC Services2019. Data and agents.
- CALLs with strict gas semantic. Revert if not enough gas available.2019. Consensus.
- New Opcode to check if a chainID is part of the history of chainIDs2019. Consensus.
- EC arithmetic and pairings with runtime definitions2019. Consensus.
- Method to check if a chainID is valid at a specific block Number2019. Consensus.
- Big integer modular exponentiation2017. Consensus.
- Sane limits for certain EVM parameters2018. Consensus.
- Homestead Hard-fork Changes2015. Consensus.
- EVMC modules for implementations of precompiled contracts2019. Data and agents.
- Extended State Oracle2019. Data and agents.
- wallet_updateEthereumChain RPC Method2019. Data and agents.
- Block Rewards Proposal for funding Eth1.x2019. Consensus.
- State Rent H - Fixed Prepayment for accounts2019. Data and agents.
- State Rent C - Net contract size accounting2019. Data and agents.
- State Rent A - State counters contract2019. Consensus.
- State Rent B - Net transaction counter2019. Consensus.
- Stateless Clients - Repricing SLOAD and SSTORE to pay for block proofs2019. Consensus.
- Particle gas costs for EVM opcodes2019. Consensus.
- Reduced gas cost for static calls made to precompiles2019. Consensus.
- Recommendation for using YAML ABI in ERCs/EIPs2017. Data and agents.
- "Hardfork Meta: Berlin"2019. Data and agents.
- Blockhash refactoring2017. Consensus.
- Transaction Postdata2019. Consensus.
- wallet_getOwnedAssets JSON-RPC Method2019. Data and agents.
- Explicit bound to Chain ID size2019. Data and agents.
- Simple Subroutines for the EVM2019. Consensus.
- BEGINDATA opcode2019. Consensus.
- Formal process of hard forks2017. Data and agents.
- EXTSLOAD opcode2019. Consensus.
- EIPs Eligible for Inclusion2019. Data and agents.
- Muir Glacier Difficulty Bomb Delay2019. Consensus.
- "Hardfork Meta: Muir Glacier"2019. Data and agents.
- Updates and Updated-by Header2020. Data and agents.
- Coinbase calls2020. Consensus.
- Deprecate the CALLCODE opcode2019. Consensus.
- Implement Difficulty Freeze2020. Consensus.
- BLS12-377 curve operations2020. Consensus.
- New opcodes TXGASLIMIT and CALLGASLIMIT2020. Consensus.
- Human Readable Parameters for Contract Function Execution2020. Data and agents.
- Penalty for account trie misses2020. Data and agents.
- Trie format transition with overlay trees2020. Consensus.
- Escalator fee market change for ETH 1.0 chain2020. Consensus.
- Ephemeral Testnet Yolo2020. Data and agents.
- Repricing of precompiles and Keccak256 function2020. Consensus.
- Limit size of `initcode`2020. Consensus.
- Sponsored, expiring and batch transactions.2020. Consensus.
- Transaction Package2020. Consensus.
- Ethereum Provider Connect/Disconnect Events2020. Data and agents.
- Rich Transactions2020. Consensus.
- Transaction Replacement Message Type2020. Data and agents.
- Add DID related methods to the JSON-RPC2020. Data and agents.
- Chunk-Based Code Merkleization2020. Consensus.
- EXTCLEAR Opcode For SELFDESTRUCTed contracts2020. Consensus.
- SET_INDESTRUCTIBLE opcode2020. Consensus.
- Account Abstraction2020. Data and agents.
- IS_STATIC opcode2020. Consensus.
- Wrapped Legacy Transactions2020. Consensus.
- IMPERSONATECALL Opcode2020. Consensus.
- Addition of CALLDEPTH opcode2015. Consensus.
- eth_symbol JSON-RPC method2020. Data and agents.
- BW6-761 curve operations2020. Consensus.
- BLS Remote Signer HTTP API2020. Data and agents.
- Adds `baseFee` to `eth_getBlockByHash`2020. Data and agents.
- Adds `baseFee` to `eth_getBlockByNumber`2020. Data and agents.
- Adds `baseFee` to `eth_getUncleByBlockHashAndIndex`2020. Markets.
- Adds `baseFee` to `eth_getUncleByBlockNumberAndIndex`2020. Markets.
- Precompile for BN256 HashToCurve Algorithms2020. Consensus.
- AUTH and AUTHCALL opcodes2020. Consensus.
- wallet_addEthereumChain RPC Method2020. Data and agents.
- Block Explorer API Routes2020. Data and agents.
- Binary trie structure2020. Consensus.
- Increase block rewards to 5 ETH2020. Consensus.
- Crosschain Identifier Specification2020. Consensus.
- Difficulty Bomb Delay to Q2/20222021. Consensus.
- Giving Ethereum fees to Future Salaries2021. Consensus.
- Remove storage-clear refund and refund cap2021. Storage and networks.
- Phase out refunds2020. Consensus.
- Account gas storage opcodes2020. Data and agents.
- Wallet Switch Ethereum Chain RPC Method (`wallet_switchEthereumChain`)2021. Data and agents.
- MEDGASPRICE Opcode2021. Consensus.
- Paged memory allocation for the EVM2021. Consensus.
- Frame pointer support for memory load and store operations2021. Consensus.
- Limit account nonce to 2^522021. Data and agents.
- Increase block rewards to 3 ETH, with 2 Year Decay to 1 ETH Scheduled2021. Consensus.
- 5 FNV primes for ethash2021. Consensus.
- Predictable Proof-of-Work (POW) Sunsetting2021. Consensus.
- Hardcoded Block Gas Limit2021. Consensus.
- Partial removal of refunds2021. Consensus.
- Median Gas Premium2021. Consensus.
- Expanded Clique Block Choice Rule2021. Consensus.
- SUDO Opcode2021. Consensus.
- Transaction Data Opcodes2021. Consensus.
- Transaction Destination Opcode2021. Consensus.
- Reduce access list cost2021. Consensus.
- Restricted Chain Context Type Transactions2021. Consensus.
- EOF - EVM Object Format v12021. Consensus.
- Difficulty Bomb Delay to December 20212021. Consensus.
- Block Access List2021. Consensus.
- EOF - Code Validation2021. Consensus.
- EOF - JUMPDEST Table2021. Consensus.
- Remove Support for Type 1 Transactions2021. Data and agents.
- Gas Limit Cap2021. Consensus.
- Safer Control Flow for the EVM2021. Consensus.
- Strict enforcement of chainId2021. Consensus.
- Gas refunds on reverts2021. Consensus.
- EIP Classification2015. Data and agents.
- EOF - Static relative jumps2021. Consensus.
- Difficulty Bomb Delay to June 20222021. Consensus.
- Time-Aware Base Fee Calculation2021. Consensus.
- Bound Historical Data in Execution Clients2021. Storage and networks.
- Transaction calldata gas cost reduction with total calldata limit2021. Scaling.
- Multi-byte opcodes prefixed by EB and EC.2021. Consensus.
- Procedures for the EVM2021. Consensus.
- Simplify EIP-1612022. Consensus.
- EOF - Functions2022. Consensus.
- Deactivate SELFDESTRUCT2022. Consensus.
- SELFDESTRUCT bomb2022. Consensus.
- Statelessness gas cost changes2022. Consensus.
- Limit transaction gas to a maximum of 2^63-12022. Consensus.
- Beacon chain push withdrawals2022. Consensus.
- Gas Usage for `RETURN` and `CALL*`2015. Consensus.
- MULDIV instruction2022. Consensus.
- Insert Code into EOAs with AUTHUSURP2022. Consensus.
- Increase price of SSTORE from zero to non-zero to 40k gas2022. Consensus.
- Remove the limit on contract code size2022. Consensus.
- Instruction for transferring ether2022. Consensus.
- EIP Editor Handbook2022. Data and agents.
- Expirable Transaction2022. Consensus.
- Delaying Difficulty Bomb to mid-September 20222022. Consensus.
- Semaphore for Reentrancy Protection2022. Consensus.
- Silent Signing Extension for JSON-RPC2022. Data and agents.
- EOF - Stack Validation2022. Consensus.
- CREATE2COPY Opcode2022. Consensus.
- Restrict Ethereum Provider API Injection2022. Data and agents.
- Process for Approving External Resources2022. Data and agents.
- Delegate transaction2022. Consensus.
- PAY opcode2022. Consensus.
- Add Poseidon hash function precompile2022. Consensus.
- Renaming SUICIDE opcode2015. Data and agents.
- Replace SELFDESTRUCT with DEACTIVATE2022. Consensus.
- Deprecate SELFDESTRUCT2022. Data and agents.
- Private Key Encapsulation2022. Data and agents.
- "Hardfork Meta: Homestead"2017. Data and agents.
- "Hardfork Meta: Spurious Dragon"2017. Data and agents.
- "Hardfork Meta: Tangerine Whistle"2017. Data and agents.
- "Hardfork Meta: Byzantium"2017. Data and agents.
- Subroutines and Static Jumps for the EVM2016. Consensus.
- SIMD Operations for the EVM2017. Consensus.
- Nonce Cap2022. Consensus.
- Alias Contracts2022. Consensus.
- Verkle-compatible SELFDESTRUCT2022. Consensus.
- EOF - JUMPF and non-returning functions2022. Consensus.
- SSZ transactions2023. Consensus.
- SSZ withdrawals root2023. Consensus.
- SSZ receipts2023. Consensus.
- SSZ Optional2023. Consensus.
- Metropolis Difficulty Bomb Delay and Block Reward Reduction2017. Consensus.
- SSZ transaction signature scheme2023. Consensus.
- SWAPN, DUPN and EXCHANGE instructions2017. Markets.
- Add precompiled contract for Ed25519 signature verification2018. Consensus.
- EVM Modular Arithmetic Extensions2023. Consensus.
- Rename gas to mana2023. Data and agents.
- Ethereum state using a unified verkle tree2023. Consensus.
- Ex Post Facto Cascading Revert2023. Consensus.
- To The Moon—10 Minute Blocks2023. Consensus.
- Preimage retention2023. Consensus.
- Arithmetic verification at EVM level2023. Consensus.
- Address Collision of Contract Address Causes Exceptional Halt2017. Consensus.
- SETCODE instruction2023. Consensus.
- Reuse Withdrawn Validator Indices2023. Consensus.
- Contract Secured Revenue on an EVM based L22023. Consensus.
- OPCODE 0x46 BLOCKREWARD2017. Consensus.
- Elected block proposer has not been slashed2023. Consensus.
- DELEGATECALL2015. Consensus.
- Scheme-Handler Discovery Option for Wallets2023. Data and agents.
- Revamped CALL instructions2023. Consensus.
- Linter Scope2023. Data and agents.
- Remove BLAKE2 compression precompile2023. Consensus.
- ERC/EIP Repository split2023. Data and agents.
- Migration Transaction2023. Consensus.
- Add time-weighted averaging to the base fee2023. Consensus.
- Upgrade block proposer election to Whisk2023. Consensus.
- EOF - Data section access instructions2023. Consensus.
- Zero-Knowledge Wormholes2023. Privacy.
- Atomic Storage Operations SCREDIT and SDEBIT2023. Storage and networks.
- eth/70 - available-blocks-extended protocol2023. Storage and networks.
- EVM arbitrary precision decimal math2023. Consensus.
- Verkle proof verification precompile2023. Consensus.
- Inclusion lists2023. Consensus.
- Block-level Warming with fair cost savings2023. Consensus.
- Hardfork Meta Backfill - Berlin to Shapella2023. Data and agents.
- Hardfork Meta - Dencun2023. Data and agents.
- Versioning Scheme for EIPs2023. Data and agents.
- Subscriptions and filters for completed transactions2017. Data and agents.
- Reserve Precompile Address Range for RIPs2023. Data and agents.
- BLS signed transactions2024. Consensus.
- Hardfork Meta - Pectra2024. Data and agents.
- Hardfork Meta - Fusaka2024. Data and agents.
- Decrease base cost of TLOAD/TSTORE2024. Consensus.
- Verkle state transition via an overlay tree2024. Consensus.
- Precompile Falcon512 generic verifier2023. Consensus.
- EOF Contract Creation2024. Consensus.
- Extension of EIP-778 for "client" ENR Entry2024. Storage and networks.
- Optimize EOA EXTCODEHASH2024. Consensus.
- eth/70 - Cease serving history before PoS2024. Storage and networks.
- History accumulator for pre-PoS data2024. Consensus.
- Alias ORIGIN to SENDER2024. Consensus.
- Programmable access lists2024. Markets.
- Sync committee slashings2024. Consensus.
- Light client data backfill2024. Consensus.
- Access-Key opcode2024. Consensus.
- EVM-ify the identity precompile2024. Consensus.
- Raise gas costs of hash functions2024. Consensus.
- Remove bloom filters2024. Consensus.
- Retroactively Included EIPs2024. Data and agents.
- EOF - Prepare for Address Space Extension2024. Consensus.
- Return deposits for distinct credentials2024. Consensus.
- Linear EVM memory limits2024. Consensus.
- EVM Object Format (EOFv1) Meta2024. Data and agents.
- EOF - Creation transaction2024. Consensus.
- Native Account Abstraction2024. Data and agents.
- Increase calldata cost2024. Scaling.
- NONREENTRANT and REENTRANT opcodes2024. Consensus.
- Separate gas type for calldata2024. Scaling.
- Incentivize Access List Provisioning2024. Consensus.
- Read BLOCKHASH from Storage and Update Cost2024. Storage and networks.
- Box type for EIP-712 messages2024. Data and agents.
- Anti-Correlation Attestation Penalties2024. Consensus.
- Network Upgrade Inclusion Stages2024. Storage and networks.
- EVM Transaction Bundles2024. Consensus.
- Leaf-level state expiry in verkle trees2024. Consensus.
- Uncouple blob count between CL and EL2024. Scaling.
- Trustless log and transaction index2024. Markets.
- State conversion to Verkle Tree2024. Consensus.
- Add wallet_signIntendedValidatorData method2024. Data and agents.
- EOF/EVM Trace Specification2024. Data and agents.
- EXTCODETYPE instruction2024. Consensus.
- Increase MIN_BASE_FEE_PER_BLOB_GAS2024. Scaling.
- No-Ether transactions with free-for-all tips2024. Data and agents.
- Hardfork Meta - Glamsterdam2024. Data and agents.
- BURN opcode2024. Consensus.
- Ethereum Node Records (ENR)2017. Storage and networks.
- Reduce Block Latency2024. Consensus.
- Add Controlled Gas Limit Increase Strategy2024. Data and agents.
- Dynamic target blob count2024. Scaling.
- "Hardfork Meta: DAO Fork"2017. Data and agents.
- Controlled Gas Limit Increase Guidelines2024. Data and agents.
- GAS2ETH opcode2024. Consensus.
- Verifiable logs2024. Consensus.
- Conditional Transactions2024. Consensus.
- Double speed for hash_tree_root2024. Consensus.
- System logs2024. Consensus.
- etha - Sharded Blocks Subprotocol2024. Scaling.
- Withdrawal Credential Update Request2024. Consensus.
- Fork-choice enforced Inclusion Lists (FOCIL)2024. Consensus.
- SSZ execution blocks2024. Consensus.
- Reserve Tx-Type Range for RIPs2024. Data and agents.
- SETDELEGATE instruction2024. Consensus.
- Contract size limit increase for EOF2024. Consensus.
- Scheduled function calls2024. Consensus.
- On-chain upgrade signaling2024. Consensus.
- Code-Controlled EOA Delegation2024. Consensus.
- Delayed State Root2024. Consensus.
- Block-level Warming2025. Consensus.
- Ethereum state using a unified binary tree2025. Consensus.
- Flow Control Wallet Call Capability2025. Data and agents.
- Max blob flag for local builders2025. Scaling.
- EOF - TXCREATE and InitcodeTransaction type2025. Consensus.
- Enhanced RETURN opcodes2025. Consensus.
- Precompile for NTT operations2025. Consensus.
- Delayed execution2025. Consensus.
- Emit log on revert2025. Consensus.
- ABI attachment in `wallet_sendCalls`2025. Data and agents.
- Uncouple execution payload from beacon block2025. Consensus.
- Remove Initcode Size Limit2025. Consensus.
- Transaction Assertions via State Diff Opcode2025. Consensus.
- Meter Contract Code Size2025. Consensus.
- Scaling Ethereum with a Perceptron Tree ZKP2025. Consensus.
- Pragmatic stack manipulation tools2025. Consensus.
- Adaptive mean reversion blob pricing2025. Scaling.
- Pureth Meta2025. Data and agents.
- Skip `JUMPDEST` immediate argument check2025. Consensus.
- Dynamic exit queue rate limit2025. Consensus.
- Linear, Page-Based Memory Costing2025. Consensus.
- History Expiry Meta2025. Data and agents.
- Secondary Signature Algorithms2025. Consensus.
- EVM64 - 64-bit mode EVM opcodes2025. Consensus.
- Exponential Gas Limit Increase2025. Data and agents.
- Ethereum Shah2025. Data and agents.
- Available Attestation2025. Consensus.
- Genesis File Format2025. Data and agents.
- Tx Ordering via Block-level Randomness2025. Consensus.
- EVM64 - EOF support2025. Consensus.
- EVM64 - Little endian opcodes2025. Consensus.
- EOF - Extended types section2025. Consensus.
- EVM64 - EOF code section2025. Consensus.
- eth_sendRawTransactionSync Method2025. Data and agents.
- Hard Limits for Transient Storage2025. Storage and networks.
- Warm Account Write Metering2025. Data and agents.
- Call and Return Opcodes for the EVM2025. Consensus.
- Ed25519 transaction support2025. Consensus.
- Turn `randao_reveal` into a VRF2025. Consensus.
- Unified multidimensional fee market2025. Consensus.
- devp2p Forward Compatibility Requirements for Homestead2015. Storage and networks.
- Glamsterdam Gas Repricings2025. Data and agents.
- Multidimensional Gas Metering2025. Consensus.
- Generalized consolidation requests2025. Consensus.
- Static relative jumps and calls for the EVM2025. Consensus.
- Remove `deposit` and `eth1data` fields2025. Consensus.
- SSZ CompatibleUnion2025. Consensus.
- Optional Execution Proofs2025. Consensus.
- P256 algorithm support2025. Consensus.
- Size-Based Storage Gas Pricing2025. Storage and networks.
- Uniform price auction over inclusion lists2025. Consensus.
- Precompile for ML-DSA signature verification2025. Consensus.
- Precompile for Falcon support2025. Consensus.
- Milli-gas for High-precision Gas Metering2025. Consensus.
- Inter-Block Temporal Locality Gas Discounts2025. Consensus.
- Contract Bytecode Deduplication Discount2025. Consensus.
- Gas Units Rebase for High-precision Metering2025. Consensus.
- Add sweep withdrawal fee for 0x01 validators2025. Consensus.
- Neutral effective balance design2025. Consensus.
- Prevent using consolidations as withdrawals2025. Consensus.
- Transaction Inclusion Subscription2025. Data and agents.
- Adaptive state cost to cap growth & scale L12025. Scaling.
- eth/XX - announce transactions with nonce2025. Storage and networks.
- Native rollups2025. Scaling.
- Let exits use the consolidation queue2025. Consensus.
- Hardfork Meta - Hegotá2025. Data and agents.
- eth/vhash - Blob-Aware Mempool2025. Scaling.
- Increase Gas Cost of Point Evaluation2025. Consensus.
- MEVless Protocol2025. Consensus.
- Payload Chunking with Chunk Access Lists2025. Consensus.
- Universal Enshrined Encrypted Mempool2025. Consensus.
- Batch priority fees at end of block2025. Consensus.
- Replace cumulative receipt fields2025. Consensus.
- MLOAD8 and CALLDATALOAD8 Opcodes2026. Scaling.
- RPC Method for Transaction Gas Limit Cap2026. Data and agents.
- Temporary Contract Storage2026. Storage and networks.
- Keystore Accounts2025. Data and agents.
- Unified Transaction Content Floor2025. Consensus.
- Hardfork Meta - BPO12026. Data and agents.
- Hardfork Meta - BPO22026. Data and agents.
- Hardfork Meta - BPO32026. Data and agents.
- Frame Transaction2026. Consensus.
- Block-in-Blobs (BiB)2026. Scaling.
- Block Access List Sidecars2026. Consensus.
- Custom sweep threshold for validators2026. Consensus.
- Multi KZG Point Evaluation Precompile2026. Consensus.
- Account Code Restricted ecRecover2026. Data and agents.
- Native Key Delegation for EOAs2026. Consensus.
- Foundations of EVM Control Flow2026. Data and agents.
- Composable Transaction2026. Consensus.
- Binary SSZ Transport for the Engine API2026. Data and agents.
- LUCID encrypted mempool2026. Consensus.
- Last-Written Block for Accounts and Slots2026. Data and agents.
- Cryptographically Agile Transactions2025. Consensus.
- Quick Slots2026. Consensus.
- EVMification2026. Consensus.
- Scheme-Agile Transactions2026. Consensus.
- Withdrawal credentials preregistration2026. Consensus.
- Commit-Reveal Transaction Frames2026. Consensus.
- Checked Arithmetic Opcodes2026. Consensus.
- Lean Staking2026. Consensus.
- Independent CL/EL Sync2026. Consensus.
- Batching Attestations at Source2026. Consensus.
- Ancestor-Indexed BALs2026. Markets.
- Keyed Nonces for Frame Transactions2026. Consensus.
- Execution-Layer Reorg State Retention Window2026. Data and agents.
- Bump nonce of zero-nonce storage accounts2026. Data and agents.
- Cap Deposit Requests Per Block2026. Consensus.
- Blob Streaming2026. Scaling.
- Expiring Nonces for Frame Transactions2026. Consensus.
- Storage Roots in Block Access Lists2026. Storage and networks.
- Recent Roots for Frame Transactions2026. Consensus.
- Block Access List Byte Floor2026. Consensus.
- Builder Execution Requests2026. Consensus.
- In-mempool signature and proof aggregation2026. Consensus.
- Multi-block Access List Warming2026. Consensus.
- Post-Quantum Attestation Aggregators2026. Consensus.
- State Tiering by Periods2026. Consensus.
- Fixed-Cutoff State Tiering2026. Consensus.
- Partitioned Binary Tree2026. Consensus.
- SETCODEFROM Code Reuse Instruction2026. Consensus.
- Trustless log and transaction index2026. Markets.
- Post-Quantum Keystore for Stateful Keys2026. Data and agents.
- Increase Calldata Floor Cost to 962026. Scaling.
- Hash-Chain RANDAO2026. Consensus.
- Align Checkpoint with Epoch Boundary Block2026. Consensus.
- Validated EVM Code2026. Consensus.
- Offline State Migration to the PBT2026. Consensus.
- Precompiles for ML-DSA Verification2026. Consensus.
- TCREATE Opcode2026. Consensus.
- Tapered Issuance Burn2026. Consensus.
- Disallow new 0x00 validators2026. Consensus.
- CPSB Recalibration for New Gas Limit2026. Consensus.
- VOPS Profiles for FOCIL Eligibility2026. Data and agents.
- RowDAS - Distributed Blob Reconstruction2026. Scaling.
- Normalized state gas limit2026. Consensus.
- Top-up Sync2026. Consensus.
- Reduce CL Block Retention Window2026. Storage and networks.
- Remove the Sync Committee2026. Consensus.
- Fast Execution Payload Broadcast2026. Storage and networks.
- Reduce block reward and delay difficulty bomb2018. Consensus.
- Abstraction of transaction origin and signature2017. Consensus.
- Standardized Ethereum Recovery Proposals2018. Data and agents.
- Node Discovery v4 ENR Extension2018. Storage and networks.
- Reward clients for a sustainable network2018. Storage and networks.
- Modifications to ethash to invalidate existing dedicated hardware implementations2018. Consensus.
- Restore Contract Code at 0x863DF6BFa4469f3ead0bE8f9F2AAE51c91A907b42018. Consensus.
- Updated BIP Process2025. Scaling.
- Consensus Cleanup2025. Consensus.
- Async Payjoin2023. Scaling.
- Testnet 52026. Scaling.
- Compact Encryption Scheme for Non-seed Wallet Data2026. Data and agents.
- Stale Tip Relay2026. Storage and networks.
- OP_TXHASH2024. Consensus.
- CHECKSIGFROMSTACK2024. Consensus.
- OP_INTERNALKEY2024. Consensus.
- Miniscript2023. Scaling.
- Peer Feature Negotiation2026. Storage and networks.
- OP_PAIRCOMMIT2024. Consensus.
- OP_TEMPLATEHASH2026. Consensus.
- Taproot-native (Re)bindable Transactions2026. Consensus.
- OP_TWEAKADD - x-only key tweak addition2026. Consensus.
- Dust UTXO Disposal Protocol2026. Scaling.
- Deterministic ECDSA Signatures2026. Scaling.
- BIP Purpose and Guidelines2011. Scaling.
- BIP process, revised2016. Scaling.
- Multi-Sig Transaction Distribution2011. Scaling.
- OP_EVAL2011. Consensus.
- Protocol Version and User Agent2011. Data and agents.
- Aliases2011. Scaling.
- OP_CHECKHASHVERIFY (CHV)2012. Consensus.
- M-of-N Standard Transactions (Low SigOp)2012. Scaling.
- URI Scheme2011. Scaling.
- URI Scheme2012. Scaling.
- Hierarchical Deterministic Wallets2012. Data and agents.
- Stratized Nodes2012. Storage and networks.
- Custom Services2012. Storage and networks.
- Mnemonic code for generating deterministic keys2013. Scaling.
- Multi-Account Hierarchy for Deterministic Wallets2014. Data and agents.
- March 2013 Chain Fork Post-Mortem2013. Scaling.
- Durable, Low Energy Bitcoin PoW2021. Consensus.
- Fixed Length "version" Message (Relay-Transactions Field)2013. Storage and networks.
- Dealing with malleability2014. Consensus.
- getutxo message2014. Storage and networks.
- Allow zero value OP_RETURN in Payment Protocol2016. Scaling.
- A Simple Payjoin Proposal2019. Scaling.
- Bustapay :: a practical coinjoin protocol2018. Scaling.
- Hierarchy for Non-Colored Voting Pool Deterministic Multisig Wallets2014. Data and agents.
- Hierarchy for Colored Voting Pool Deterministic Multisig Wallets2014. Data and agents.
- Dynamic Hierarchical Deterministic Key Trees2015. Scaling.
- Motivation and deployment of consensus rule changes ([soft/hard]forks)2015. Scaling.
- Dynamic maximum block size by miner vote2015. Consensus.
- Increase maximum block size2015. Consensus.
- Block size increase to 2MB2015. Consensus.
- Block size following technological growth2015. Consensus.
- 'Block75' - Max block size like difficulty2017. Consensus.
- Consensus based block size retargeting algorithm2015. Consensus.
- Dynamically Controlled Bitcoin Block Size Max Cap2015. Consensus.
- Dynamic limit on the block size2015. Consensus.
- Two million byte size limit with sigop and sighash limits2016. Consensus.
- Reduced Data Temporary Softfork2025. Consensus.
- Merkelized Abstract Syntax Tree2016. Consensus.
- Generic anti-replay protection using Script2016. Consensus.
- Proof of Payment2015. Scaling.
- Proof of Payment URI scheme2015. Scaling.
- Hierarchical Deterministic Script Templates2015. Scaling.
- Bitcoin Secure Multisig Setup (BSMS)2020. Scaling.
- "Coalescing Transaction" Specification (wildcard inputs)2015. Consensus.
- Committee-based BIP Acceptance Process2015. Scaling.
- Flexible Transactions2016. Consensus.
- Generalized version bits voting2017. Scaling.
- Normalized TXID2015. Consensus.
- Segregated Witness (Consensus layer)2015. Consensus.
- Address Format for Segregated Witness2015. Scaling.
- Dealing with signature encoding malleability2016. Consensus.
- Segregated Witness (second deployment)2017. Consensus.
- Peer Authentication2016. Storage and networks.
- Peer-to-Peer Communication Encryption2016. Storage and networks.
- Rate Limiting via peer specified challenges2017. Storage and networks.
- Dandelion - Privacy Enhancing Routing2017. Privacy.
- Currency/exchange rate information API2017. Markets.
- Partially Signed Bitcoin Transaction Format2017. Scaling.
- Pay to Contract Protocol2017. Scaling.
- Redefine Bitcoin's Base Unit2025. Scaling.
- Block size/weight fraud proof2017. Storage and networks.
- Hashed Time-Locked Contract transactions2017. Scaling.
- Version 2 P2P Encrypted Transport Protocol2019. Storage and networks.
- MuSig2 for BIP340-compatible Multi-Signatures2022. Scaling.
- Compressed Transactions2024. Data and agents.
- Disable transaction relay message2020. Storage and networks.
- Schnorr Signatures for secp256k12020. Scaling.
- Taproot: SegWit version 1 spending rules2020. Consensus.
- Mandatory activation of taproot deployment2021. Consensus.
- OP_VAULT2023. Credit and stable value.
- Private Payments2022. Scaling.
- Binary Output Descriptors2026. Scaling.
- Varops Budget For Script Runtime Constraint2026. Consensus.
- Restoration of disabled script (Tapleaf 0xC2)2026. Consensus.
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