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Mnemonic Code for Generating Deterministic Keys

Encode entropy as a word list with a checksum, then stretch the words with a passphrase into a seed. The words are the backup. The passphrase is an extra secret, often empty.

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Record

Authors
Marek Palatinus, Pavol Rusnak, Aaron Voisine and Sean Bowe
Date
2013
Publisher
Marek Palatinus, Pavol Rusnak, Aaron Voisine and Sean Bowe
Version
Source cited by the 2013 study. The study is the reading. This page does not add a second essay.
Document ID
BLC-STUDY-0196
DOI
None recorded
Last reviewed
1 October 2026
Licence
No licence recorded. Rights status under review.

No hash is published. This build does not store those PDF bytes, so a checksum would be invented. Where a legacy path exists, it points at the Internet Archive copy of the old library.

Direct answer

Encode entropy as a word list with a checksum, then stretch the words with a passphrase into a seed. The words are the backup. The passphrase is an extra secret, often empty.

Where to read

Metadata and commentary only. The reading is the study page.

Full text

Full text is not published on this page. Public availability is not a licence to republish a document. Blockchain Lab has not recorded a licence that permits an HTML transcription, a training set, or a retrieval corpus of the paper. Text on this page is Blockchain Lab's own wording, or a pointer to a study that is also Blockchain Lab's wording.

What changed

A reading of the public document. Not a copy of it, and not a claim about a later network that reused the name.

Relationships

Cite this record

These citations point at the source document. They are not a licence to copy it.

Author–date

Palatinus, M., Rusnak, P., Voisine, A., & Bowe, S. (2013). Mnemonic Code for Generating Deterministic Keys. Marek Palatinus, Pavol Rusnak, Aaron Voisine and Sean Bowe. https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0039.mediawiki

BibTeX

@techreport{bip392013,
  title = {Mnemonic Code for Generating Deterministic Keys},
  author = {Marek Palatinus, Pavol Rusnak, Aaron Voisine and Sean Bowe},
  year = {2013},
  institution = {Marek Palatinus, Pavol Rusnak, Aaron Voisine and Sean Bowe},
  url = {https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0039.mediawiki},
  note = {Rights status: Official external source only. Blockchain Lab record: https://blockchainlab.com/research/corpus/papers/bip39}
}

RIS

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Mnemonic Code for Generating Deterministic Keys
AU  - Marek Palatinus
AU  - Pavol Rusnak
AU  - Aaron Voisine
AU  - Sean Bowe
PY  - 2013
PB  - Marek Palatinus, Pavol Rusnak, Aaron Voisine and Sean Bowe
UR  - https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0039.mediawiki
N1  - Rights status: Official external source only
ER  -

CSL-JSON

[
  {
    "type": "report",
    "id": "BLC-STUDY-0196",
    "title": "Mnemonic Code for Generating Deterministic Keys",
    "author": [
      {
        "literal": "Marek Palatinus"
      },
      {
        "literal": "Pavol Rusnak"
      },
      {
        "literal": "Aaron Voisine"
      },
      {
        "literal": "Sean Bowe"
      }
    ],
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2013
        ]
      ]
    },
    "publisher": "Marek Palatinus, Pavol Rusnak, Aaron Voisine and Sean Bowe",
    "URL": "https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0039.mediawiki",
    "note": "Rights status: Official external source only. Not a licence to republish the paper."
  }
]

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Rights record

Source status
Official source
Use status
Metadata and commentary only. The reading is the study page.
Rights
Official external source only
Training and retrieval
Not permitted from this site. There is no rights-cleared full text to retrieve or to train on.

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