Research corpus ConsensusBLC-STUDY-0519

Fast Merkle Trees

BIP 98, Fast Merkle Trees. In many applications it is useful to prove membership of a data element in a set without having to reveal the entire contents of that set.

Official external source only
Design paper
Official source

Compare

Record

Authors: Mark Friedenbach
Date: 2017
Publisher: Mark Friedenbach
Version: Source cited by the 2017 study. The study is the reading. This page does not add a second essay.
Document ID: BLC-STUDY-0519
DOI: None recorded
Last reviewed: 1 October 2026
Licence: No licence recorded. Rights status under review.

No hash is published. This build does not store those PDF bytes, so a checksum would be invented. Where a legacy path exists, it points at the Internet Archive copy of the old library.

Direct answer

BIP 98, Fast Merkle Trees. In many applications it is useful to prove membership of a data element in a set without having to reveal the entire contents of that set.

Where to read

Official source — BIP 98
Blockchain Lab study, the canonical readingOriginal commentary. Not a transcription of the paper.

Metadata and commentary only. The reading is the study page.

Full text

Full text is not published on this page. Public availability is not a licence to republish a document. Blockchain Lab has not recorded a licence that permits an HTML transcription, a training set, or a retrieval corpus of the paper. Text on this page is Blockchain Lab's own wording, or a pointer to a study that is also Blockchain Lab's wording.

What changed

Status in the source: Draft. A reading of the public specification, not a copy of it and not a certification.

Relationships

Canonical readingBIP 98 study
Related paperPBFT
Related paperTendermint
Related paperRaft

Cite this record

These citations point at the source document. They are not a licence to copy it.

Author–date

Friedenbach, M. (2017). Fast Merkle Trees. Mark Friedenbach. https://bips.dev/98

BibTeX

@techreport{bip982017,
  title = {Fast Merkle Trees},
  author = {Mark Friedenbach},
  year = {2017},
  institution = {Mark Friedenbach},
  url = {https://bips.dev/98},
  note = {Rights status: Official external source only. Blockchain Lab record: https://blockchainlab.com/research/corpus/papers/bip-98}
}

RIS

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Fast Merkle Trees
AU  - Mark Friedenbach
PY  - 2017
PB  - Mark Friedenbach
UR  - https://bips.dev/98
N1  - Rights status: Official external source only
ER  -

CSL-JSON

[
  {
    "type": "report",
    "id": "BLC-STUDY-0519",
    "title": "Fast Merkle Trees",
    "author": [
      {
        "literal": "Mark Friedenbach"
      }
    ],
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2017
        ]
      ]
    },
    "publisher": "Mark Friedenbach",
    "URL": "https://bips.dev/98",
    "note": "Rights status: Official external source only. Not a licence to republish the paper."
  }
]

JSON BibTeX file RIS file CSL-JSON

Rights record

Source status: Official source
Use status: Metadata and commentary only. The reading is the study page.
Rights: Official external source only
Training and retrieval: Not permitted from this site. There is no rights-cleared full text to retrieve or to train on.

Rights and licensing Corrections