Research corpus ConsensusBLC-STUDY-0063

PHANTOM and GHOSTDAG

A blockDAG protocol that still ends in one linear order. Honest blocks cluster. The parameter k is how wide that cluster may be. Kaspa is a later network in this line, not the paper.

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Record

Authors: Yonatan Sompolinsky, Shai Wyborski and Aviv Zohar
Date: 2018
Publisher: Yonatan Sompolinsky, Shai Wyborski and Aviv Zohar
Version: Source cited by the 2018 study. The study is the reading. This page does not add a second essay.
Document ID: BLC-STUDY-0063
DOI: None recorded
Last reviewed: 1 October 2026
Licence: No licence recorded. Rights status under review.

No hash is published. This build does not store those PDF bytes, so a checksum would be invented. Where a legacy path exists, it points at the Internet Archive copy of the old library.

Direct answer

A blockDAG protocol that still ends in one linear order. Honest blocks cluster. The parameter k is how wide that cluster may be. Kaspa is a later network in this line, not the paper.

Where to read

Official source — ePrint 2018/104
Blockchain Lab study, the canonical readingOriginal commentary. Not a transcription of the paper.

Metadata and commentary only. The reading is the study page.

Full text

Full text is not published on this page. Public availability is not a licence to republish a document. Blockchain Lab has not recorded a licence that permits an HTML transcription, a training set, or a retrieval corpus of the paper. Text on this page is Blockchain Lab's own wording, or a pointer to a study that is also Blockchain Lab's wording.

What changed

The study separates the text from later network behaviour. This bibliographic page does not repeat that essay.

Relationships

Canonical readingPHANTOM study
Related paperGHOST
Related paperSPECTRE
Related paperBitcoin-NG

Cite this record

These citations point at the source document. They are not a licence to copy it.

Author–date

Sompolinsky, Y., Wyborski, S., & Zohar, A. (2018). PHANTOM and GHOSTDAG. Yonatan Sompolinsky, Shai Wyborski and Aviv Zohar. https://eprint.iacr.org/2018/104

BibTeX

@techreport{phantom2018,
  title = {PHANTOM and GHOSTDAG},
  author = {Yonatan Sompolinsky, Shai Wyborski and Aviv Zohar},
  year = {2018},
  institution = {Yonatan Sompolinsky, Shai Wyborski and Aviv Zohar},
  url = {https://eprint.iacr.org/2018/104},
  note = {Rights status: Official external source only. Blockchain Lab record: https://blockchainlab.com/research/corpus/papers/phantom}
}

RIS

TY  - RPRT
TI  - PHANTOM and GHOSTDAG
AU  - Yonatan Sompolinsky
AU  - Shai Wyborski
AU  - Aviv Zohar
PY  - 2018
PB  - Yonatan Sompolinsky, Shai Wyborski and Aviv Zohar
UR  - https://eprint.iacr.org/2018/104
N1  - Rights status: Official external source only
ER  -

CSL-JSON

[
  {
    "type": "report",
    "id": "BLC-STUDY-0063",
    "title": "PHANTOM and GHOSTDAG",
    "author": [
      {
        "literal": "Yonatan Sompolinsky"
      },
      {
        "literal": "Shai Wyborski"
      },
      {
        "literal": "Aviv Zohar"
      }
    ],
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2018
        ]
      ]
    },
    "publisher": "Yonatan Sompolinsky, Shai Wyborski and Aviv Zohar",
    "URL": "https://eprint.iacr.org/2018/104",
    "note": "Rights status: Official external source only. Not a licence to republish the paper."
  }
]

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Rights record

Source status: Official source
Use status: Metadata and commentary only. The reading is the study page.
Rights: Official external source only
Training and retrieval: Not permitted from this site. There is no rights-cleared full text to retrieve or to train on.

Rights and licensing Corrections