Research corpus Data and agentsBLC-STUDY-0049

Ocean Protocol: A Decentralized Substrate for AI Data and Services

Ocean's technical paper for publishing, pricing and consuming data services with on-chain access control and off-chain storage. The data does not sit inside the chain. The permission and the payment do.

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Record

Authors: Trent McConaghy and the Ocean Protocol team
Date: 2019
Publisher: Trent McConaghy and the Ocean Protocol team
Version: Source cited by the 2019 study. The study is the reading. This page does not add a second essay.
Document ID: BLC-STUDY-0049
DOI: None recorded
Last reviewed: 1 October 2026
Licence: No licence recorded. Rights status under review.

No hash is published. This build does not store those PDF bytes, so a checksum would be invented. Where a legacy path exists, it points at the Internet Archive copy of the old library.

Direct answer

Where to read

Official source — Ocean technical white paper
Blockchain Lab study, the canonical readingOriginal commentary. Not a transcription of the paper.

Metadata and commentary only. The reading is the study page.

Full text

Full text is not published on this page. Public availability is not a licence to republish a document. Blockchain Lab has not recorded a licence that permits an HTML transcription, a training set, or a retrieval corpus of the paper. Text on this page is Blockchain Lab's own wording, or a pointer to a study that is also Blockchain Lab's wording.

What changed

The study separates the text from later network behaviour. This bibliographic page does not repeat that essay.

Relationships

Canonical readingOcean study
Related paperThe Graph
Related paperBittensor
Related paperSingularityNET

Cite this record

These citations point at the source document. They are not a licence to copy it.

Author–date

McConaghy, T., & the Ocean Protocol team (2019). Ocean Protocol: A Decentralized Substrate for AI Data and Services. Trent McConaghy and the Ocean Protocol team. https://oceanprotocol.com/tech-whitepaper.pdf

BibTeX

@techreport{ocean2019,
  title = {Ocean Protocol: A Decentralized Substrate for AI Data and Services},
  author = {Trent McConaghy and the Ocean Protocol team},
  year = {2019},
  institution = {Trent McConaghy and the Ocean Protocol team},
  url = {https://oceanprotocol.com/tech-whitepaper.pdf},
  note = {Rights status: Official external source only. Blockchain Lab record: https://blockchainlab.com/research/corpus/papers/ocean}
}

RIS

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Ocean Protocol: A Decentralized Substrate for AI Data and Services
AU  - Trent McConaghy
AU  - the Ocean Protocol team
PY  - 2019
PB  - Trent McConaghy and the Ocean Protocol team
UR  - https://oceanprotocol.com/tech-whitepaper.pdf
N1  - Rights status: Official external source only
ER  -

CSL-JSON

[
  {
    "type": "report",
    "id": "BLC-STUDY-0049",
    "title": "Ocean Protocol: A Decentralized Substrate for AI Data and Services",
    "author": [
      {
        "literal": "Trent McConaghy"
      },
      {
        "literal": "the Ocean Protocol team"
      }
    ],
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2019
        ]
      ]
    },
    "publisher": "Trent McConaghy and the Ocean Protocol team",
    "URL": "https://oceanprotocol.com/tech-whitepaper.pdf",
    "note": "Rights status: Official external source only. Not a licence to republish the paper."
  }
]

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Rights record

Source status: Official source
Use status: Metadata and commentary only. The reading is the study page.
Rights: Official external source only
Training and retrieval: Not permitted from this site. There is no rights-cleared full text to retrieve or to train on.

Rights and licensing Corrections