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MuSig2: Simple Two-Round Schnorr Multi-Signatures

n signers, all of them, produce one Schnorr signature that verifies under one aggregated key. Two rounds, and concurrent sessions are in the security claim. This is n-of-n, not a threshold. It is the multi-signature Bitcoin-style schemes reached for.

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Record

Authors
Jonas Nick, Tim Ruffing and Yannick Seurin
Date
2020
Publisher
Jonas Nick, Tim Ruffing and Yannick Seurin
Version
Source cited by the 2020 study. The study is the reading. This page does not add a second essay.
Document ID
BLC-STUDY-0104
DOI
None recorded
Last reviewed
1 October 2026
Licence
No licence recorded. Rights status under review.

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Direct answer

n signers, all of them, produce one Schnorr signature that verifies under one aggregated key. Two rounds, and concurrent sessions are in the security claim. This is n-of-n, not a threshold. It is the multi-signature Bitcoin-style schemes reached for.

Where to read

Metadata and commentary only. The reading is the study page.

Full text

Full text is not published on this page. Public availability is not a licence to republish a document. Blockchain Lab has not recorded a licence that permits an HTML transcription, a training set, or a retrieval corpus of the paper. Text on this page is Blockchain Lab's own wording, or a pointer to a study that is also Blockchain Lab's wording.

What changed

The study separates the text from later network behaviour. This bibliographic page does not repeat that essay.

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Cite this record

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Author–date

Nick, J., Ruffing, T., & Seurin, Y. (2020). MuSig2: Simple Two-Round Schnorr Multi-Signatures. Jonas Nick, Tim Ruffing and Yannick Seurin. https://eprint.iacr.org/2020/1261

BibTeX

@techreport{musig22020,
  title = {MuSig2: Simple Two-Round Schnorr Multi-Signatures},
  author = {Jonas Nick, Tim Ruffing and Yannick Seurin},
  year = {2020},
  institution = {Jonas Nick, Tim Ruffing and Yannick Seurin},
  url = {https://eprint.iacr.org/2020/1261},
  note = {Rights status: Official external source only. Blockchain Lab record: https://blockchainlab.com/research/corpus/papers/musig2}
}

RIS

TY  - RPRT
TI  - MuSig2: Simple Two-Round Schnorr Multi-Signatures
AU  - Jonas Nick
AU  - Tim Ruffing
AU  - Yannick Seurin
PY  - 2020
PB  - Jonas Nick, Tim Ruffing and Yannick Seurin
UR  - https://eprint.iacr.org/2020/1261
N1  - Rights status: Official external source only
ER  -

CSL-JSON

[
  {
    "type": "report",
    "id": "BLC-STUDY-0104",
    "title": "MuSig2: Simple Two-Round Schnorr Multi-Signatures",
    "author": [
      {
        "literal": "Jonas Nick"
      },
      {
        "literal": "Tim Ruffing"
      },
      {
        "literal": "Yannick Seurin"
      }
    ],
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2020
        ]
      ]
    },
    "publisher": "Jonas Nick, Tim Ruffing and Yannick Seurin",
    "URL": "https://eprint.iacr.org/2020/1261",
    "note": "Rights status: Official external source only. Not a licence to republish the paper."
  }
]

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Rights record

Source status
Official source
Use status
Metadata and commentary only. The reading is the study page.
Rights
Official external source only
Training and retrieval
Not permitted from this site. There is no rights-cleared full text to retrieve or to train on.

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