Research corpus ScalingBLC-STUDY-0293

Precompiled contracts for optimal ate pairing check on the elliptic curve alt_bn128

EIP 197, Precompiled contracts for optimal ate pairing check on the elliptic curve alt_bn128. Precompiled contracts for elliptic curve pairing operations are required in order to perform zkSNARK verification within the block gas limit.

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Record

Authors: Vitalik Buterin , Christian Reitwiessner
Date: 2017
Publisher: Vitalik Buterin , Christian Reitwiessner
Version: Source cited by the 2017 study. The study is the reading. This page does not add a second essay.
Document ID: BLC-STUDY-0293
DOI: None recorded
Last reviewed: 1 October 2026
Licence: No licence recorded. Rights status under review.

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Where to read

Official source — EIP 197
Blockchain Lab study, the canonical readingOriginal commentary. Not a transcription of the paper.

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Status in the source: Final. A reading of the public specification, not a copy of it and not a certification.

Relationships

Canonical readingEIP 197 study
Related paperEIP-4844
Related paperPlasma
Related paperArbitrum

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Author–date

Buterin, V., & Reitwiessner, C. (2017). Precompiled contracts for optimal ate pairing check on the elliptic curve alt_bn128. Vitalik Buterin , Christian Reitwiessner. https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-197

BibTeX

@techreport{eip1972017,
  title = {Precompiled contracts for optimal ate pairing check on the elliptic curve alt_bn128},
  author = {Vitalik Buterin , Christian Reitwiessner},
  year = {2017},
  institution = {Vitalik Buterin , Christian Reitwiessner},
  url = {https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-197},
  note = {Rights status: Official external source only. Blockchain Lab record: https://blockchainlab.com/research/corpus/papers/eip-197}
}

RIS

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Precompiled contracts for optimal ate pairing check on the elliptic curve alt_bn128
AU  - Vitalik Buterin
AU  - Christian Reitwiessner
PY  - 2017
PB  - Vitalik Buterin , Christian Reitwiessner
UR  - https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-197
N1  - Rights status: Official external source only
ER  -

CSL-JSON

[
  {
    "type": "report",
    "id": "BLC-STUDY-0293",
    "title": "Precompiled contracts for optimal ate pairing check on the elliptic curve alt_bn128",
    "author": [
      {
        "literal": "Vitalik Buterin"
      },
      {
        "literal": "Christian Reitwiessner"
      }
    ],
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2017
        ]
      ]
    },
    "publisher": "Vitalik Buterin , Christian Reitwiessner",
    "URL": "https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-197",
    "note": "Rights status: Official external source only. Not a licence to republish the paper."
  }
]

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Rights record

Source status: Official source
Use status: Metadata and commentary only. The reading is the study page.
Rights: Official external source only
Training and retrieval: Not permitted from this site. There is no rights-cleared full text to retrieve or to train on.

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