Research corpus ScalingBLC-STUDY-0100

Cairo – a Turing-complete STARK-friendly CPU architecture

A CPU whose every instruction was chosen so that a STARK can prove 'this program ran'. You write a program instead of a new set of polynomial equations for each statement. The paper is the machine, not a network's throughput.

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Record

Authors: Lior Goldberg, Shahar Papini and Michael Riabzev
Date: 2021
Publisher: Lior Goldberg, Shahar Papini and Michael Riabzev
Version: Source cited by the 2021 study. The study is the reading. This page does not add a second essay.
Document ID: BLC-STUDY-0100
DOI: None recorded
Last reviewed: 1 October 2026
Licence: No licence recorded. Rights status under review.

No hash is published. This build does not store those PDF bytes, so a checksum would be invented. Where a legacy path exists, it points at the Internet Archive copy of the old library.

Direct answer

Where to read

Official source — ePrint 2021/1063
Blockchain Lab study, the canonical readingOriginal commentary. Not a transcription of the paper.

Metadata and commentary only. The reading is the study page.

Full text

Full text is not published on this page. Public availability is not a licence to republish a document. Blockchain Lab has not recorded a licence that permits an HTML transcription, a training set, or a retrieval corpus of the paper. Text on this page is Blockchain Lab's own wording, or a pointer to a study that is also Blockchain Lab's wording.

What changed

The study separates the text from later network behaviour. This bibliographic page does not repeat that essay.

Relationships

Canonical readingCairo study
Related paperStarkWare
Related paperNova
Related paperHalo

Cite this record

These citations point at the source document. They are not a licence to copy it.

Author–date

Goldberg, L., Papini, S., & Riabzev, M. (2021). Cairo – a Turing-complete STARK-friendly CPU architecture. Lior Goldberg, Shahar Papini and Michael Riabzev. https://eprint.iacr.org/2021/1063

BibTeX

@techreport{cairo2021,
  title = {Cairo – a Turing-complete STARK-friendly CPU architecture},
  author = {Lior Goldberg, Shahar Papini and Michael Riabzev},
  year = {2021},
  institution = {Lior Goldberg, Shahar Papini and Michael Riabzev},
  url = {https://eprint.iacr.org/2021/1063},
  note = {Rights status: Official external source only. Blockchain Lab record: https://blockchainlab.com/research/corpus/papers/cairo}
}

RIS

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Cairo – a Turing-complete STARK-friendly CPU architecture
AU  - Lior Goldberg
AU  - Shahar Papini
AU  - Michael Riabzev
PY  - 2021
PB  - Lior Goldberg, Shahar Papini and Michael Riabzev
UR  - https://eprint.iacr.org/2021/1063
N1  - Rights status: Official external source only
ER  -

CSL-JSON

[
  {
    "type": "report",
    "id": "BLC-STUDY-0100",
    "title": "Cairo – a Turing-complete STARK-friendly CPU architecture",
    "author": [
      {
        "literal": "Lior Goldberg"
      },
      {
        "literal": "Shahar Papini"
      },
      {
        "literal": "Michael Riabzev"
      }
    ],
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2021
        ]
      ]
    },
    "publisher": "Lior Goldberg, Shahar Papini and Michael Riabzev",
    "URL": "https://eprint.iacr.org/2021/1063",
    "note": "Rights status: Official external source only. Not a licence to republish the paper."
  }
]

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Rights record

Source status: Official source
Use status: Metadata and commentary only. The reading is the study page.
Rights: Official external source only
Training and retrieval: Not permitted from this site. There is no rights-cleared full text to retrieve or to train on.

Rights and licensing Corrections