Research corpus ConsensusBLC-PDF-0008

The Tangle

The library holds Popov's Tangle paper: a directed graph of transactions that approve earlier ones, instead of a single chain of blocks.

Rights uncertain
Design paper
Historic library path

Compare

Record

Authors: Serguei Popov
Date: Historic library file. Year not re-verified from the bytes in this build.
Publisher: The author
Version: Historic library file tangle.pdf. Not byte-compared with arXiv.
Document ID: BLC-PDF-0008
DOI: None recorded
Last reviewed: 1 October 2026
Licence: No licence recorded. Rights status under review.

No hash is published. This build does not store those PDF bytes, so a checksum would be invented. Where a legacy path exists, it points at the Internet Archive copy of the old library.

Direct answer

The library holds Popov's Tangle paper: a directed graph of transactions that approve earlier ones, instead of a single chain of blocks.

The arXiv link is offered as a public place to look. This build did not check that it matches tangle.pdf.

Why it is in the corpus

It is the citeable DAG design in the historic files, as distinct from a blockchain.

Where to read

Official source — A later arXiv note exists; it is not asserted to be this file
Legacy library pathThe old URL stays. It is served from the Internet Archive copy of the previous site.

Legacy path remains. The arXiv link is a related public copy and may be a different version.

Full text

Full text is not published on this page. Public availability is not a licence to republish a document. Blockchain Lab has not recorded a licence that permits an HTML transcription, a training set, or a retrieval corpus of the paper. Text on this page is Blockchain Lab's own wording, or a pointer to a study that is also Blockchain Lab's wording.

Claims and assumptions

Blockchain Lab's reading of what the document is doing. Not a quotation and not the source text.

A new transaction approves earlier transactions. There is no block producer in the usual sense.

Assumptions

The tip-selection rule is the security argument. A diagram of a DAG is not that rule.

What changed

Later IOTA versions changed the design. The historic file is the file.

Relationships

ConceptConsensus

Cite this record

These citations point at the source document. They are not a licence to copy it.

Author–date

Popov, S. (n.d.). The Tangle. The author. https://arxiv.org/pdf/1808.09186

BibTeX

@techreport{iotatangle,
  title = {The Tangle},
  author = {Serguei Popov},
  year = {},
  institution = {The author},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/pdf/1808.09186},
  note = {Rights status: Rights uncertain. Blockchain Lab record: https://blockchainlab.com/research/corpus/papers/iota-tangle}
}

RIS

TY  - RPRT
TI  - The Tangle
AU  - Serguei Popov
PB  - The author
UR  - https://arxiv.org/pdf/1808.09186
N1  - Rights status: Rights uncertain
ER  -

CSL-JSON

[
  {
    "type": "report",
    "id": "BLC-PDF-0008",
    "title": "The Tangle",
    "author": [
      {
        "literal": "Serguei Popov"
      }
    ],
    "publisher": "The author",
    "URL": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/1808.09186",
    "note": "Rights status: Rights uncertain. Not a licence to republish the paper."
  }
]

JSON BibTeX file RIS file CSL-JSON

Rights record

Source status: Historic library path
Use status: Legacy path remains. The arXiv link is a related public copy and may be a different version.
Rights: Rights uncertain
Training and retrieval: Not permitted from this site. There is no rights-cleared full text to retrieve or to train on.

Rights and licensing Corrections