Research corpus PrivacyBLC-STUDY-0677

Tornado Cash: a fixed-denomination mixer proved by a succinct argument

The tornado-core repository publishes a mixer: a deposit of a fixed denomination is a commitment, and a withdrawal proves knowledge of some unused commitment without saying which.

Official external source only
Design paper
Official source

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Record

Authors: Tornado Cash developers
Date: 2019
Publisher: Tornado Cash developers
Version: Source cited by the 2019 study. The study is the reading. This page does not add a second essay.
Document ID: BLC-STUDY-0677
DOI: None recorded
Last reviewed: 1 October 2026
Licence: No licence recorded. Rights status under review.

No hash is published. This build does not store those PDF bytes, so a checksum would be invented. Where a legacy path exists, it points at the Internet Archive copy of the old library.

Direct answer

The tornado-core repository publishes a mixer: a deposit of a fixed denomination is a commitment, and a withdrawal proves knowledge of some unused commitment without saying which.

Where to read

Official source — tornado-core repository
Blockchain Lab study, the canonical readingOriginal commentary. Not a transcription of the paper.

Metadata and commentary only. The reading is the study page.

Full text

Full text is not published on this page. Public availability is not a licence to republish a document. Blockchain Lab has not recorded a licence that permits an HTML transcription, a training set, or a retrieval corpus of the paper. Text on this page is Blockchain Lab's own wording, or a pointer to a study that is also Blockchain Lab's wording.

What changed

A reading of the project's public design document. Not a copy, not a benchmark, and not an offer.

Relationships

Canonical readingTornado Cash study
Related paperSemaphore
Related paperPrivacy Pools
Related paperZerocash

Cite this record

These citations point at the source document. They are not a licence to copy it.

Author–date

developers, T. C. (2019). Tornado Cash: a fixed-denomination mixer proved by a succinct argument. Tornado Cash developers. https://github.com/tornadocash/tornado-core

BibTeX

@techreport{tornadocashdesign2019,
  title = {Tornado Cash: a fixed-denomination mixer proved by a succinct argument},
  author = {Tornado Cash developers},
  year = {2019},
  institution = {Tornado Cash developers},
  url = {https://github.com/tornadocash/tornado-core},
  note = {Rights status: Official external source only. Blockchain Lab record: https://blockchainlab.com/research/corpus/papers/tornado-cash-design}
}

RIS

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Tornado Cash: a fixed-denomination mixer proved by a succinct argument
AU  - Tornado Cash developers
PY  - 2019
PB  - Tornado Cash developers
UR  - https://github.com/tornadocash/tornado-core
N1  - Rights status: Official external source only
ER  -

CSL-JSON

[
  {
    "type": "report",
    "id": "BLC-STUDY-0677",
    "title": "Tornado Cash: a fixed-denomination mixer proved by a succinct argument",
    "author": [
      {
        "literal": "Tornado Cash developers"
      }
    ],
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2019
        ]
      ]
    },
    "publisher": "Tornado Cash developers",
    "URL": "https://github.com/tornadocash/tornado-core",
    "note": "Rights status: Official external source only. Not a licence to republish the paper."
  }
]

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Rights record

Source status: Official source
Use status: Metadata and commentary only. The reading is the study page.
Rights: Official external source only
Training and retrieval: Not permitted from this site. There is no rights-cleared full text to retrieve or to train on.

Rights and licensing Corrections