Research corpus ConsensusBLC-STUDY-1539

Ethereum state using a unified binary tree

A desk note on EIP 7864 (Ethereum state using a unified binary tree). The file's status is Draft. The note records the text. It does not measure who runs it.

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Authors: Vitalik Buterin, Guillaume Ballet, Dankrad Feist, Ignacio Hagopian, Kevaundray Wedderburn, Tanishq Jasoria, Gajinder Singh, Danno Ferrin, Piper Merriam, Gottfried Herold
Date: 2025
Publisher: Vitalik Buterin, Guillaume Ballet, Dankrad Feist, Ignacio Hagopian, Kevaundray Wedderburn, Tanishq Jasoria, Gajinder Singh, Danno Ferrin, Piper Merriam, Gottfried Herold
Version: Source cited by the 2025 study. The study is the reading. This page does not add a second essay.
Document ID: BLC-STUDY-1539
DOI: None recorded
Last reviewed: 1 October 2026
Licence: No licence recorded. Rights status under review.

No hash is published. This build does not store those PDF bytes, so a checksum would be invented. Where a legacy path exists, it points at the Internet Archive copy of the old library.

Direct answer

A desk note on EIP 7864 (Ethereum state using a unified binary tree). The file's status is Draft. The note records the text. It does not measure who runs it.

Where to read

Official source — EIP 7864
Blockchain Lab study, the canonical readingOriginal commentary. Not a transcription of the paper.

Metadata and commentary only. The reading is the study page.

Full text

Full text is not published on this page. Public availability is not a licence to republish a document. Blockchain Lab has not recorded a licence that permits an HTML transcription, a training set, or a retrieval corpus of the paper. Text on this page is Blockchain Lab's own wording, or a pointer to a study that is also Blockchain Lab's wording.

What changed

Status on the file: Draft. A reading of the public text, not a client release note.

Relationships

Canonical readingEIP 7864 study
Related paperPBFT
Related paperTendermint
Related paperHotStuff

Cite this record

These citations point at the source document. They are not a licence to copy it.

Author–date

Buterin, V., Ballet, G., Feist, D., Hagopian, I., Wedderburn, K., Jasoria, T., Singh, G., Ferrin, D., Merriam, P., & Herold, G. (2025). Ethereum state using a unified binary tree. Vitalik Buterin, Guillaume Ballet, Dankrad Feist, Ignacio Hagopian, Kevaundray Wedderburn, Tanishq Jasoria, Gajinder Singh, Danno Ferrin, Piper Merriam, Gottfried Herold. https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/blob/master/EIPS/eip-7864.md

BibTeX

@techreport{eip78642025,
  title = {Ethereum state using a unified binary tree},
  author = {Vitalik Buterin, Guillaume Ballet, Dankrad Feist, Ignacio Hagopian, Kevaundray Wedderburn, Tanishq Jasoria, Gajinder Singh, Danno Ferrin, Piper Merriam, Gottfried Herold},
  year = {2025},
  institution = {Vitalik Buterin, Guillaume Ballet, Dankrad Feist, Ignacio Hagopian, Kevaundray Wedderburn, Tanishq Jasoria, Gajinder Singh, Danno Ferrin, Piper Merriam, Gottfried Herold},
  url = {https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/blob/master/EIPS/eip-7864.md},
  note = {Rights status: Official external source only. Blockchain Lab record: https://blockchainlab.com/research/corpus/papers/eip-7864}
}

RIS

TY  - RPRT
TI  - Ethereum state using a unified binary tree
AU  - Vitalik Buterin
AU  - Guillaume Ballet
AU  - Dankrad Feist
AU  - Ignacio Hagopian
AU  - Kevaundray Wedderburn
AU  - Tanishq Jasoria
AU  - Gajinder Singh
AU  - Danno Ferrin
AU  - Piper Merriam
AU  - Gottfried Herold
PY  - 2025
PB  - Vitalik Buterin, Guillaume Ballet, Dankrad Feist, Ignacio Hagopian, Kevaundray Wedderburn, Tanishq Jasoria, Gajinder Singh, Danno Ferrin, Piper Merriam, Gottfried Herold
UR  - https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/blob/master/EIPS/eip-7864.md
N1  - Rights status: Official external source only
ER  -

CSL-JSON

[
  {
    "type": "report",
    "id": "BLC-STUDY-1539",
    "title": "Ethereum state using a unified binary tree",
    "author": [
      {
        "literal": "Vitalik Buterin"
      },
      {
        "literal": "Guillaume Ballet"
      },
      {
        "literal": "Dankrad Feist"
      },
      {
        "literal": "Ignacio Hagopian"
      },
      {
        "literal": "Kevaundray Wedderburn"
      },
      {
        "literal": "Tanishq Jasoria"
      },
      {
        "literal": "Gajinder Singh"
      },
      {
        "literal": "Danno Ferrin"
      },
      {
        "literal": "Piper Merriam"
      },
      {
        "literal": "Gottfried Herold"
      }
    ],
    "issued": {
      "date-parts": [
        [
          2025
        ]
      ]
    },
    "publisher": "Vitalik Buterin, Guillaume Ballet, Dankrad Feist, Ignacio Hagopian, Kevaundray Wedderburn, Tanishq Jasoria, Gajinder Singh, Danno Ferrin, Piper Merriam, Gottfried Herold",
    "URL": "https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/blob/master/EIPS/eip-7864.md",
    "note": "Rights status: Official external source only. Not a licence to republish the paper."
  }
]

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Rights record

Source status: Official source
Use status: Metadata and commentary only. The reading is the study page.
Rights: Official external source only
Training and retrieval: Not permitted from this site. There is no rights-cleared full text to retrieve or to train on.

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