LibraryConsensus2021Design paperCorpus record
Kaspa: a blockDAG that orders blocks with GHOSTDAG
Kaspa. Kaspa.
Kaspa implements a blockDAG ordered by GHOSTDAG, the PHANTOM line of research, so blocks that are not on a single chain can still be partially ordered.
A reading of the project's public design document. Not a copy, not a benchmark, and not an offer.
Kaspa implements a blockDAG ordered by GHOSTDAG, the PHANTOM line of research, so blocks that are not on a single chain can still be partially ordered.
- Evidence
- Primary paper
- Re-measured
- No
- Assumptions
- 3
- Records linked
- 5
01 Claim ledger
What the paper is allowed to say
Each row is a sentence already in the study. The status is the same on every row: a model claim, not a live measurement.
Claim 01 · Paper model
The defect
The PHANTOM paper is the research text already in this library. Kaspa is a network with parameters. Do not cite one as the other.
Claim 02 · Paper model
The proposal
Kaspa implements a blockDAG ordered by GHOSTDAG, the PHANTOM line of research, so blocks that are not on a single chain can still be partially ordered.
Claim 03 · Paper model
The mechanism
Blocks reference multiple parents. The ordering rule decides which blocks are in the blue set, in the language of the research, and which are treated as red.
Claim 04 · Paper model
The bound
This note does not quote a block rate as a performance promise.
02 Three cuts
Observation, model, falsifier
A desk does not stop at the summary. Each claim is cut three ways, using only this study's own assumptions and checks. Nothing here is a new figure.
01 The defect
Observation
What the study says
The PHANTOM paper is the research text already in this library. Kaspa is a network with parameters. Do not cite one as the other.
Model
What has to hold
You are reading Kaspa's public materials as an implementation of the PHANTOM/GHOSTDAG line. The paper itself is the other study.
Falsifier
What would retire it
Which paper does the implementation say it follows?
02 The proposal
Observation
What the study says
Kaspa implements a blockDAG ordered by GHOSTDAG, the PHANTOM line of research, so blocks that are not on a single chain can still be partially ordered.
Model
What has to hold
You are reading Kaspa's public materials as an implementation of the PHANTOM/GHOSTDAG line. The paper itself is the other study.
03 The mechanism
Observation
What the study says
Blocks reference multiple parents. The ordering rule decides which blocks are in the blue set, in the language of the research, and which are treated as red.
Model
What has to hold
No price, supply, yield, or adoption figure is added by this desk.
Falsifier
What would retire it
Which paper does the implementation say it follows?
04 The bound
Observation
What the study says
This note does not quote a block rate as a performance promise.
Model
What has to hold
You are reading Kaspa's public materials as an implementation of the PHANTOM/GHOSTDAG line. The paper itself is the other study.
Falsifier
What would retire it
Which paper does the implementation say it follows?
03 Sequence
One action, as an operating tape
- 01Blocks reference multiple parents. The ordering rule decides which blocks are in the blue set, in the language of the research, and which are treated as red.
- 02Security is still a proof-of-work assumption. The DAG does not replace the need for a majority of work.
- 03Parameter k, the width the protocol tolerates, is a deployment choice. It is not a constant of nature.
04 Load-bearing
The argument, and where a pitch drops it
What the name has to mean
The cut
Kaspa implements a blockDAG ordered by GHOSTDAG, the PHANTOM line of research, so blocks that are not on a single chain can still be partially ordered.
Why it carries weight
If this cut is skipped, the paper's name is being used without the mechanism that makes the name mean anything.
Where it is dropped
It does not re-prove the PHANTOM theorem.
What actually moves
The cut
Security is still a proof-of-work assumption. The DAG does not replace the need for a majority of work.
Why it carries weight
If this cut is skipped, the paper's name is being used without the mechanism that makes the name mean anything.
Where it is dropped
A later client, parameter or reward formula is a different object from this paragraph.
What a later deployment may change
The cut
Parameter k, the width the protocol tolerates, is a deployment choice. It is not a constant of nature.
Why it carries weight
If this cut is skipped, the paper's name is being used without the mechanism that makes the name mean anything.
Where it is dropped
A later client, parameter or reward formula is a different object from this paragraph.
05 Register
What has to be true
Model · Not re-measured
You are reading Kaspa's public materials as an implementation of the PHANTOM/GHOSTDAG line. The paper itself is the other study.
Model · Not re-measured
The document is the one at the source URL. A marketing page with the same brand is not this text.
Model · Not re-measured
No price, supply, yield, or adoption figure is added by this desk.
06 Divergence
What happened after the paper
A DAG that confirms faster in a diagram is not a finality gadget. Know which confirmation rule the docs name.
A later client, parameter set, or reward formula is a different object. Cite this paper for the mechanism. Cite a primary release for the network. This desk has not re-run the proof.
07 Pre-mortem
What to check before you use the idea
- 0 of 3 marked on this browser. A mark is a reading note, not a pass, a rating, or a recommendation.
08 Anatomy
The paper, in the order a builder needs
The problem it names
The PHANTOM paper is the research text already in this library. Kaspa is a network with parameters. Do not cite one as the other.
What the design proposes
- Blocks reference multiple parents. The ordering rule decides which blocks are in the blue set, in the language of the research, and which are treated as red.
- Security is still a proof-of-work assumption. The DAG does not replace the need for a majority of work.
- Parameter k, the width the protocol tolerates, is a deployment choice. It is not a constant of nature.
How the mechanism is specified
- Blocks reference multiple parents. The ordering rule decides which blocks are in the blue set, in the language of the research, and which are treated as red.
- Security is still a proof-of-work assumption. The DAG does not replace the need for a majority of work.
- Parameter k, the width the protocol tolerates, is a deployment choice. It is not a constant of nature.
What this page does not treat as proven
Why the desk still reads it
Kaspa implements a blockDAG ordered by GHOSTDAG, the PHANTOM line of research, so blocks that are not on a single chain can still be partially ordered.
09 Lexicon
Terms, opened into the record
- BlockDAG
- A graph of blocks with multiple parents, not a single parent chain.
- GHOSTDAG
- The ordering rule Kaspa associates with its consensus. The research paper is a separate study.
10 Repository
Every linked record on this page
Underlined words open a page that already exists: a concept, a protocol profile, a failure record, or another paper. If a word is not underlined, this desk does not have a record for it.
Papers
This is Blockchain Lab's reading of a public design paper. It is not the paper, not a copy of it, and not an offer of tokens, equity, custody or a partnership. Later network behaviour can diverge from the text. Nothing here is investment, legal or technical advice.
Research status: Design paper. Last reviewed: 1 October 2026. This is a reading of a public paper, not investment, legal or security advice.