{"document_id":"BLC-STUDY-0104","slug":"musig2","title":"MuSig2: Simple Two-Round Schnorr Multi-Signatures","authors":"Jonas Nick, Tim Ruffing and Yannick Seurin","year":2020,"date_label":"2020","publisher":"Jonas Nick, Tim Ruffing and Yannick Seurin","paper_type":"Design paper","category":"Privacy","topics":["Privacy"],"source_url":"https://eprint.iacr.org/2020/1261","source_label":"ePrint 2020/1261","legacy_pdf_path":null,"sha256":null,"sha256_note":"No hash is published. This build does not store those PDF bytes, so a checksum would be invented. Where a legacy path exists, it points at the Internet Archive copy of the old library.","version":"Source cited by the 2020 study. The study is the reading. This page does not add a second essay.","doi":null,"rights_status":"Official external source only","source_status":"Official source","use_status":"Metadata and commentary only. The reading is the study page.","licence":null,"licence_label":"No licence recorded. Rights status under review.","full_text":null,"full_text_reason":"Full text is not published on this page. Public availability is not a licence to republish a document. Blockchain Lab has not recorded a licence that permits an HTML transcription, a training set, or a retrieval corpus of the paper. Text on this page is Blockchain Lab's own wording, or a pointer to a study that is also Blockchain Lab's wording.","editorial_line":"n signers, all of them, produce one Schnorr signature that verifies under one aggregated key. Two rounds, and concurrent sessions are in the security claim. This is n-of-n, not a threshold. It is the multi-signature Bitcoin-style schemes reached for.","canonical_url":"https://blockchainlab.com/whitepaper/musig2","record_url":"https://blockchainlab.com/research/corpus/papers/musig2","study_url":"https://blockchainlab.com/whitepaper/musig2","last_reviewed":"2026-10-01","last_checked":"2026-10-01","relationships":[{"rel":"Canonical reading","label":"MuSig2 study","href":"/whitepaper/musig2"},{"rel":"Related paper","label":"FROST","href":"/whitepaper/frost"},{"rel":"Related paper","label":"Taproot","href":"/whitepaper/taproot"},{"rel":"Related paper","label":"Lightning","href":"/whitepaper/lightning"}]}