LibraryPrivacy2017Design paperCorpus record
Clique proof-of-authority consensus protocol
EIP 225. Péter Szilágyi.
EIP 225, Clique proof-of-authority consensus protocol. Clique is a proof-of-authority consensus protocol.
Status in the source: Final. A reading of the public specification, not a copy of it and not a certification.
Clique proof-of-authority consensus protocol is worth reading for the rule it actually adds: Clique is a proof-of-authority consensus protocol.
The five-minute read
The rule
Clique is a proof-of-authority consensus protocol.
What was already failing
A signature that does not commit to what the user saw can be replayed into a different spend, a different chain, or a different message.
What the number does not mean
The source marks this final. That is a statement about the text, not a promise that every wallet or node has shipped it.
What a builder should be able to point at
An implementation either constrains Clique proof-of-authority consensus protocol or it is a different design.
One action, walked through
- Open EIP 225 and read the status line before the examples.
- Write down the rule in one sentence. A fair version of that sentence is: Clique is a proof-of-authority consensus protocol.
- Name the object that changes: Clique proof-of-authority consensus protocol.
- Ask what an old client, an old contract, or an offline counterparty does. If the document is silent, the silence is part of the design.
The argument, unpacked
What the text is allowed to settle
Ethereum Improvement Proposal 225 can settle the shape of Clique proof-of-authority consensus protocol. It cannot settle whether a later client, a later fork, or a later wallet still does this.
What this page will not pretend
There is no benchmark, no adoption number, and no claim that the mechanism is safe outside the assumptions written in the source.
What has to be true
- You are implementing EIP 225 at the status the text itself states: Final.
- The object that has to change is Clique proof-of-authority consensus protocol. A neighbouring document with a similar name is not this one.
- Wallet support is not the same as consensus validity.
What happened after the paper
The source marks this final. That is a statement about the text, not a promise that every wallet or node has shipped it. Later documents can narrow, replace, or ignore this one. Cite the number you mean.
What to check before you use the idea
- What is covered by the signed bytes in Clique proof-of-authority consensus protocol?
- Can the same signature be replayed on another chain, account, or message?
- Which primitive does the text require: Clique proof-of-authority consensus protocol?
Terms
- EIP 225
- The public text titled Clique proof-of-authority consensus protocol.
- Final
- The document's own label for how finished the text is. It is not a market fact.
The problem the paper names
A signature that does not commit to what the user saw can be replayed into a different spend, a different chain, or a different message.
What the design proposes
- Clique is a proof-of-authority consensus protocol.
- It shadows the design of Ethereum mainnet, so it can be added to any client with minimal effort.
- It ran from July 2015 to about November 2016, when due to the accumulated junk and some testnet consensus issues between Geth and Parity, it was finally laid to rest in favor of a testnet reboot.
How the mechanism is specified
- Taken from the specification, the next constraint is: It shadows the design of Ethereum mainnet, so it can be added to any client with minimal effort.
- Locate Clique proof-of-authority consensus protocol in EIP 225 and apply it to one transaction or call.
- Then check the failure the class of rule always has: a node that did not upgrade, a reverted call, a replayed signature, or a peer that does not speak the message.
What this page does not treat as proven
- A signature scheme is not a privacy system. It hides the signer only if the protocol says so.
- Wallet support is not the same as consensus validity.
- The source marks this final. That is a statement about the text, not a promise that every wallet or node has shipped it.
Why a venture studio still reads it
Use EIP 225 when a pitch says 'Clique proof-of-authority consensus protocol' without saying whether the rule is consensus, policy, or an interface. The number is the citation. The pitch is not.
This is Blockchain Lab's reading of a public design paper. It is not the paper, not a copy of it, and not an offer of tokens, equity, custody or a partnership. Later network behaviour can diverge from the text. Nothing here is investment, legal or technical advice.
Research status: Design paper. Last reviewed: 1 October 2026. This is a reading of a public paper, not investment, legal or security advice.
