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raw() and addr() Output Script Descriptors

BIP 385. Pieter Wuille.

BIP 385, raw() and addr() Output Script Descriptors. This document specifies raw() and addr() output script descriptors.

Status in the source: Deployed. A reading of the public specification, not a copy of it and not a certification.

raw() and addr() Output Script Descriptors is worth reading for the rule it actually adds: This document specifies raw() and addr() output script descriptors.

The five-minute read

The rule

This document specifies raw() and addr() output script descriptors.

What was already failing

An interface that is only a name in a repository will be re-implemented differently by every team, which is how shared contracts break.

What the number does not mean

The source marks this deployed. That is a statement about the text, not a promise that every wallet or node has shipped it.

What a builder should be able to point at

An implementation either constrains raw() and addr() Output Script Descriptors or it is a different design.

One action, walked through

  1. Open BIP 385 and read the status line before the examples.
  2. Write down the rule in one sentence. A fair version of that sentence is: This document specifies raw() and addr() output script descriptors.
  3. Name the object that changes: raw() and addr() Output Script Descriptors.
  4. Ask what an old client, an old contract, or an offline counterparty does. If the document is silent, the silence is part of the design.

The argument, unpacked

What the text is allowed to settle

Bitcoin Improvement Proposal 385 can settle the shape of raw() and addr() Output Script Descriptors. It cannot settle whether a later client, a later fork, or a later wallet still does this.

What this page will not pretend

There is no benchmark, no adoption number, and no claim that the mechanism is safe outside the assumptions written in the source.

What has to be true

  • You are implementing BIP 385 at the status the text itself states: Deployed.
  • The object that has to change is raw() and addr() Output Script Descriptors. A neighbouring document with a similar name is not this one.
  • Status in the header is not adoption.

What happened after the paper

The source marks this deployed. That is a statement about the text, not a promise that every wallet or node has shipped it. Later documents can narrow, replace, or ignore this one. Cite the number you mean.

What to check before you use the idea

  • What must an implementation of raw() and addr() Output Script Descriptors accept, and what may it ignore?
  • Is this consensus, peer policy, or an application interface?
  • Which names does the text pin down: raw() and addr() Output Script Descriptors?

Terms

BIP 385
The public text titled raw() and addr() Output Script Descriptors.
Deployed
The document's own label for how finished the text is. It is not a market fact.

The problem the paper names

An interface that is only a name in a repository will be re-implemented differently by every team, which is how shared contracts break.

What the design proposes

  • This document specifies raw() and addr() output script descriptors.
  • In order to make descriptors maximally compatible with scripts in use today, it is useful to be able to wrap any arbitrary output script or an address into a descriptor.
  • Two new script expressions are defined: raw() and addr() .

How the mechanism is specified

  • Taken from the specification, the next constraint is: In order to make descriptors maximally compatible with scripts in use today, it is useful to be able to wrap any arbitrary output script or an address into a descriptor.
  • Locate raw() and addr() Output Script Descriptors in BIP 385 and apply it to one transaction or call.
  • Then check the failure the class of rule always has: a node that did not upgrade, a reverted call, a replayed signature, or a peer that does not speak the message.

What this page does not treat as proven

  • This document does not set a fee, a valuation, or a security proof.
  • Status in the header is not adoption.
  • The source marks this deployed. That is a statement about the text, not a promise that every wallet or node has shipped it.

Why a venture studio still reads it

Use BIP 385 when a pitch says 'raw() and addr() Output Script Descriptors' without saying whether the rule is consensus, policy, or an interface. The number is the citation. The pitch is not.

This is Blockchain Lab's reading of a public design paper. It is not the paper, not a copy of it, and not an offer of tokens, equity, custody or a partnership. Later network behaviour can diverge from the text. Nothing here is investment, legal or technical advice.

Research status: Design paper. Last reviewed: 1 October 2026. This is a reading of a public paper, not investment, legal or security advice.