A hundred validators can still be one failure

The question is whether the entities are economically, geographically, technically and legally separate.

The number does not see ownership hidden behind several identities. It does not see delegation piled into one custodian. It does not see a single client, a single cloud, a single jurisdiction, a foundation key, a bridge, an oracle, a sequencer, or a token distribution that lets a small group govern the upgrade. A dashboard can look plural while the failure domain is singular.

Polkadot’s nominated proof-of-stake design has repeatedly produced a high coefficient, which is why it belongs at the front of this discussion. The same paragraph has to say that a high coefficient is not a warrant of safety in every other layer. Both statements are the adult version of the chart.