Stacks

Three postures. The middle one is usually the honest one.

Conventional, hybrid, or on-chain-native. The constructor picks conventional whenever a single operator can be trusted to keep the record.

Conventional-first

Database, API, identity, signed audit log. Lowest ceremony. Outsiders trust you.

Off-chain evidence and a shared commitment or credential. More integration. The usual answer when more than one firm must detect a silent rewrite.

The shared program is the product. Security, keys, and regulation become the company. Not a default.

Worked comparisons live on each use case.