{"document_id":"BLC-STUDY-0031","slug":"starks","title":"Scalable, transparent, and post-quantum secure computational integrity","authors":"Eli Ben-Sasson, Iddo Bentov, Yinon Horesh, Michael Riabzev","year":2018,"date_label":"2018","publisher":"Eli Ben-Sasson, Iddo Bentov, Yinon Horesh, Michael Riabzev","paper_type":"Design paper","category":"Scaling","topics":["Scaling"],"source_url":"https://eprint.iacr.org/2018/046.pdf","source_label":"IACR ePrint 2018/046","legacy_pdf_path":null,"sha256":null,"sha256_note":"No hash is published. This build does not store those PDF bytes, so a checksum would be invented. Where a legacy path exists, it points at the Internet Archive copy of the old library.","version":"Source cited by the 2018 study. The study is the reading. This page does not add a second essay.","doi":null,"rights_status":"Official external source only","source_status":"Official source","use_status":"Metadata and commentary only. The reading is the study page.","licence":null,"licence_label":"No licence recorded. Rights status under review.","full_text":null,"full_text_reason":"Full text is not published on this page. Public availability is not a licence to republish a document. Blockchain Lab has not recorded a licence that permits an HTML transcription, a training set, or a retrieval corpus of the paper. Text on this page is Blockchain Lab's own wording, or a pointer to a study that is also Blockchain Lab's wording.","editorial_line":"The STARK paper: proofs of computational integrity that are succinct, do not need a trusted setup, and are argued to resist quantum attackers on the underlying hashes. StarkWare's later systems, including StarkEx and Starknet, are built on this proof system. They are not identical to it.","canonical_url":"https://blockchainlab.com/whitepaper/starks","record_url":"https://blockchainlab.com/research/corpus/papers/starks","study_url":"https://blockchainlab.com/whitepaper/starks","last_reviewed":"2026-10-01","last_checked":"2026-10-01","relationships":[{"rel":"Canonical reading","label":"StarkWare study","href":"/whitepaper/starks"},{"rel":"Related paper","label":"Mina","href":"/whitepaper/mina"},{"rel":"Related paper","label":"Zerocash","href":"/whitepaper/zerocash"},{"rel":"Related paper","label":"Arbitrum","href":"/whitepaper/arbitrum"}]}