{"document_id":"BLC-STUDY-0064","slug":"spectre","title":"SPECTRE: A Fast and Scalable Cryptocurrency Protocol","authors":"Yonatan Sompolinsky, Yoad Lewenberg and Aviv Zohar","year":2016,"date_label":"2016","publisher":"Yonatan Sompolinsky, Yoad Lewenberg and Aviv Zohar","paper_type":"Design paper","category":"Consensus","topics":["Consensus"],"source_url":"https://eprint.iacr.org/2016/1159","source_label":"ePrint 2016/1159","legacy_pdf_path":null,"sha256":null,"sha256_note":"No hash is published. This build does not store those PDF bytes, so a checksum would be invented. Where a legacy path exists, it points at the Internet Archive copy of the old library.","version":"Source cited by the 2016 study. The study is the reading. This page does not add a second essay.","doi":null,"rights_status":"Official external source only","source_status":"Official source","use_status":"Metadata and commentary only. The reading is the study page.","licence":null,"licence_label":"No licence recorded. Rights status under review.","full_text":null,"full_text_reason":"Full text is not published on this page. Public availability is not a licence to republish a document. Blockchain Lab has not recorded a licence that permits an HTML transcription, a training set, or a retrieval corpus of the paper. Text on this page is Blockchain Lab's own wording, or a pointer to a study that is also Blockchain Lab's wording.","editorial_line":"Blocks form a DAG and vote pairwise on which of two blocks came first. In the common case that vote settles quickly. The paper does not promise a total order of every pair, which is why it is a poor fit for general contracts.","canonical_url":"https://blockchainlab.com/whitepaper/spectre","record_url":"https://blockchainlab.com/research/corpus/papers/spectre","study_url":"https://blockchainlab.com/whitepaper/spectre","last_reviewed":"2026-10-01","last_checked":"2026-10-01","relationships":[{"rel":"Canonical reading","label":"SPECTRE study","href":"/whitepaper/spectre"},{"rel":"Related paper","label":"PHANTOM","href":"/whitepaper/phantom"},{"rel":"Related paper","label":"GHOST","href":"/whitepaper/ghost"},{"rel":"Related paper","label":"Bitcoin-NG","href":"/whitepaper/bitcoin-ng"}]}