{"document_id":"BLC-STUDY-0676","slug":"privacy-pools","title":"Privacy pools: association-set proofs for compliant withdrawals","authors":"Vitalik Buterin, Jacob Illum, Fabian Schär, Ameen Soleimani and others","year":2023,"date_label":"2023","publisher":"Vitalik Buterin, Jacob Illum, Fabian Schär, Ameen Soleimani and others","paper_type":"Design paper","category":"Privacy","topics":["Privacy"],"source_url":"https://ssrn.com/abstract=4563364","source_label":"SSRN 4563364","legacy_pdf_path":null,"sha256":null,"sha256_note":"No hash is published. This build does not store those PDF bytes, so a checksum would be invented. Where a legacy path exists, it points at the Internet Archive copy of the old library.","version":"Source cited by the 2023 study. The study is the reading. This page does not add a second essay.","doi":null,"rights_status":"Official external source only","source_status":"Official source","use_status":"Metadata and commentary only. The reading is the study page.","licence":null,"licence_label":"No licence recorded. Rights status under review.","full_text":null,"full_text_reason":"Full text is not published on this page. Public availability is not a licence to republish a document. Blockchain Lab has not recorded a licence that permits an HTML transcription, a training set, or a retrieval corpus of the paper. Text on this page is Blockchain Lab's own wording, or a pointer to a study that is also Blockchain Lab's wording.","repository":null,"editorial_line":"The privacy-pools paper proposes that a withdrawal prove membership in an association set that has excluded known bad deposits, so privacy and a blocklist are both explicit.","canonical_url":"https://blockchainlab.com/whitepaper/privacy-pools","record_url":"https://blockchainlab.com/research/corpus/papers/privacy-pools","study_url":"https://blockchainlab.com/whitepaper/privacy-pools","last_reviewed":"2026-10-01","last_checked":"2026-10-01","relationships":[{"rel":"Canonical reading","label":"Privacy Pools study","href":"/whitepaper/privacy-pools"},{"rel":"Related paper","label":"Semaphore","href":"/whitepaper/semaphore"},{"rel":"Related paper","label":"Tornado Cash","href":"/whitepaper/tornado-cash-design"},{"rel":"Related paper","label":"Zerocash","href":"/whitepaper/zerocash"}]}