{"document_id":"BLC-STUDY-0068","slug":"narwhal-tusk","title":"Narwhal and Tusk: A DAG-based Mempool and Efficient BFT Consensus","authors":"George Danezis, Lefteris Kokoris-Kogias, Alberto Sonnino and Alexander Spiegelman","year":2022,"date_label":"2022","publisher":"George Danezis, Lefteris Kokoris-Kogias, Alberto Sonnino and Alexander Spiegelman","paper_type":"Design paper","category":"Consensus","topics":["Consensus"],"source_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2105.11827","source_label":"arXiv:2105.11827","legacy_pdf_path":null,"sha256":null,"sha256_note":"No hash is published. This build does not store those PDF bytes, so a checksum would be invented. Where a legacy path exists, it points at the Internet Archive copy of the old library.","version":"Source cited by the 2022 study. The study is the reading. This page does not add a second essay.","doi":null,"rights_status":"Official external source only","source_status":"Official source","use_status":"Metadata and commentary only. The reading is the study page.","licence":null,"licence_label":"No licence recorded. Rights status under review.","full_text":null,"full_text_reason":"Full text is not published on this page. Public availability is not a licence to republish a document. Blockchain Lab has not recorded a licence that permits an HTML transcription, a training set, or a retrieval corpus of the paper. Text on this page is Blockchain Lab's own wording, or a pointer to a study that is also Blockchain Lab's wording.","editorial_line":"Split the mempool from the consensus. Narwhal is a DAG of certified batches. Tusk picks a leader inside that DAG. Later Sui consensus descends from this split. The paper is not a Sui status report.","canonical_url":"https://blockchainlab.com/whitepaper/narwhal-tusk","record_url":"https://blockchainlab.com/research/corpus/papers/narwhal-tusk","study_url":"https://blockchainlab.com/whitepaper/narwhal-tusk","last_reviewed":"2026-10-01","last_checked":"2026-10-01","relationships":[{"rel":"Canonical reading","label":"Narwhal and Tusk study","href":"/whitepaper/narwhal-tusk"},{"rel":"Related paper","label":"HotStuff","href":"/whitepaper/hotstuff"},{"rel":"Related paper","label":"HoneyBadgerBFT","href":"/whitepaper/honeybadger"},{"rel":"Related paper","label":"Sui","href":"/whitepaper/sui"}]}