{"document_id":"BLC-STUDY-0102","slug":"marlin","title":"Marlin: Preprocessing zkSNARKs with Universal and Updatable SRS","authors":"Alessandro Chiesa, Yuncong Hu, Mary Maller, Pratyush Mishra, Noah Vesely and Nicholas Ward","year":2019,"date_label":"2019","publisher":"Alessandro Chiesa, Yuncong Hu, Mary Maller, Pratyush Mishra, Noah Vesely and Nicholas Ward","paper_type":"Design paper","category":"Privacy","topics":["Privacy"],"source_url":"https://eprint.iacr.org/2019/1047","source_label":"ePrint 2019/1047","legacy_pdf_path":null,"sha256":null,"sha256_note":"No hash is published. This build does not store those PDF bytes, so a checksum would be invented. Where a legacy path exists, it points at the Internet Archive copy of the old library.","version":"Source cited by the 2019 study. The study is the reading. This page does not add a second essay.","doi":null,"rights_status":"Official external source only","source_status":"Official source","use_status":"Metadata and commentary only. The reading is the study page.","licence":null,"licence_label":"No licence recorded. Rights status under review.","full_text":null,"full_text_reason":"Full text is not published on this page. Public availability is not a licence to republish a document. Blockchain Lab has not recorded a licence that permits an HTML transcription, a training set, or a retrieval corpus of the paper. Text on this page is Blockchain Lab's own wording, or a pointer to a study that is also Blockchain Lab's wording.","editorial_line":"A preprocessing zkSNARK whose structured reference string is universal and can be updated, rather than baked for one circuit in a ceremony that must be trusted forever. The paper improves on Sonic's costs. It is still a SNARK, with a setup.","canonical_url":"https://blockchainlab.com/whitepaper/marlin","record_url":"https://blockchainlab.com/research/corpus/papers/marlin","study_url":"https://blockchainlab.com/whitepaper/marlin","last_reviewed":"2026-10-01","last_checked":"2026-10-01","relationships":[{"rel":"Canonical reading","label":"Marlin study","href":"/whitepaper/marlin"},{"rel":"Related paper","label":"PLONK","href":"/whitepaper/plonk"},{"rel":"Related paper","label":"Groth16","href":"/whitepaper/groth16"},{"rel":"Related paper","label":"Halo","href":"/whitepaper/halo"}]}