{"document_id":"BLC-STUDY-0077","slug":"fraud-and-da","title":"Fraud and Data Availability Proofs","authors":"Mustafa Al-Bassam, Alberto Sonnino and Vitalik Buterin","year":2018,"date_label":"2018","publisher":"Mustafa Al-Bassam, Alberto Sonnino and Vitalik Buterin","paper_type":"Design paper","category":"Scaling","topics":["Scaling"],"source_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1809.09044","source_label":"arXiv:1809.09044","legacy_pdf_path":null,"sha256":null,"sha256_note":"No hash is published. This build does not store those PDF bytes, so a checksum would be invented. Where a legacy path exists, it points at the Internet Archive copy of the old library.","version":"Source cited by the 2018 study. The study is the reading. This page does not add a second essay.","doi":null,"rights_status":"Official external source only","source_status":"Official source","use_status":"Metadata and commentary only. The reading is the study page.","licence":null,"licence_label":"No licence recorded. Rights status under review.","full_text":null,"full_text_reason":"Full text is not published on this page. Public availability is not a licence to republish a document. Blockchain Lab has not recorded a licence that permits an HTML transcription, a training set, or a retrieval corpus of the paper. Text on this page is Blockchain Lab's own wording, or a pointer to a study that is also Blockchain Lab's wording.","editorial_line":"Light clients can refuse a block if a fraud proof shows it is invalid, but only if the block's data was actually published. The paper shows how erasure coding and sampling let clients check publication without downloading everything.","canonical_url":"https://blockchainlab.com/whitepaper/fraud-and-da","record_url":"https://blockchainlab.com/research/corpus/papers/fraud-and-da","study_url":"https://blockchainlab.com/whitepaper/fraud-and-da","last_reviewed":"2026-10-01","last_checked":"2026-10-01","relationships":[{"rel":"Canonical reading","label":"Fraud and data availability proofs study","href":"/whitepaper/fraud-and-da"},{"rel":"Related paper","label":"Celestia","href":"/whitepaper/lazyledger"},{"rel":"Related paper","label":"Plasma","href":"/whitepaper/plasma"},{"rel":"Related paper","label":"TrueBit","href":"/whitepaper/truebit"}]}