{"document_id":"BLC-STUDY-0413","slug":"erc-4337","title":"Account Abstraction Using Alt Mempool","authors":"Vitalik Buterin , Yoav Weiss , Dror Tirosh , Shahaf Nacson , Alex Forshtat , Kristof Gazso , Tjaden Hess","year":2021,"date_label":"2021","publisher":"Vitalik Buterin , Yoav Weiss , Dror Tirosh , Shahaf Nacson , Alex Forshtat , Kristof Gazso , Tjaden Hess","paper_type":"Design paper","category":"Privacy","topics":["Privacy"],"source_url":"https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-4337","source_label":"ERC 4337","legacy_pdf_path":null,"sha256":null,"sha256_note":"No hash is published. This build does not store those PDF bytes, so a checksum would be invented. Where a legacy path exists, it points at the Internet Archive copy of the old library.","version":"Source cited by the 2021 study. The study is the reading. This page does not add a second essay.","doi":null,"rights_status":"Official external source only","source_status":"Official source","use_status":"Metadata and commentary only. The reading is the study page.","licence":null,"licence_label":"No licence recorded. Rights status under review.","full_text":null,"full_text_reason":"Full text is not published on this page. Public availability is not a licence to republish a document. Blockchain Lab has not recorded a licence that permits an HTML transcription, a training set, or a retrieval corpus of the paper. Text on this page is Blockchain Lab's own wording, or a pointer to a study that is also Blockchain Lab's wording.","editorial_line":"ERC 4337, Account Abstraction Using Alt Mempool. Historically, users could interact with Ethereum only by sending transactions from special accounts controlled by private keys, with transaction validation entirely enforced by fixed protocol rules.","canonical_url":"https://blockchainlab.com/whitepaper/erc-4337","record_url":"https://blockchainlab.com/research/corpus/papers/erc-4337","study_url":"https://blockchainlab.com/whitepaper/erc-4337","last_reviewed":"2026-10-01","last_checked":"2026-10-01","relationships":[{"rel":"Canonical reading","label":"ERC 4337 study","href":"/whitepaper/erc-4337"},{"rel":"Related paper","label":"Groth16","href":"/whitepaper/groth16"},{"rel":"Related paper","label":"Bulletproofs","href":"/whitepaper/bulletproofs"},{"rel":"Related paper","label":"Taproot","href":"/whitepaper/taproot"}]}