{"document_id":"BLC-STUDY-0540","slug":"bip-360","title":"Pay-to-Merkle-Root (P2MR)","authors":"Hunter Beast","year":2024,"date_label":"2024","publisher":"Hunter Beast","paper_type":"Design paper","category":"Consensus","topics":["Consensus"],"source_url":"https://bips.dev/360","source_label":"BIP 360","legacy_pdf_path":null,"sha256":null,"sha256_note":"No hash is published. This build does not store those PDF bytes, so a checksum would be invented. Where a legacy path exists, it points at the Internet Archive copy of the old library.","version":"Source cited by the 2024 study. The study is the reading. This page does not add a second essay.","doi":null,"rights_status":"Official external source only","source_status":"Official source","use_status":"Metadata and commentary only. The reading is the study page.","licence":null,"licence_label":"No licence recorded. Rights status under review.","full_text":null,"full_text_reason":"Full text is not published on this page. Public availability is not a licence to republish a document. Blockchain Lab has not recorded a licence that permits an HTML transcription, a training set, or a retrieval corpus of the paper. Text on this page is Blockchain Lab's own wording, or a pointer to a study that is also Blockchain Lab's wording.","editorial_line":"BIP 360, Pay-to-Merkle-Root (P2MR). We define the Pay-to-Merkle-Root (P2MR) output structure as follows: A P2MR output is similar to a P2TR output (as defined in [[bip-0341.mediawiki|BIP 341]]); however, unlike P2TR outputs, we disable the key path spend for the benefit of quantum resistance by omitting the internal key and the tap tweak step.","canonical_url":"https://blockchainlab.com/whitepaper/bip-360","record_url":"https://blockchainlab.com/research/corpus/papers/bip-360","study_url":"https://blockchainlab.com/whitepaper/bip-360","last_reviewed":"2026-10-01","last_checked":"2026-10-01","relationships":[{"rel":"Canonical reading","label":"BIP 360 study","href":"/whitepaper/bip-360"},{"rel":"Related paper","label":"PBFT","href":"/whitepaper/pbft"},{"rel":"Related paper","label":"Tendermint","href":"/whitepaper/tendermint"},{"rel":"Related paper","label":"Raft","href":"/whitepaper/raft"}]}